ECOLOGY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN WILD BIRD POPULATIONS IN CENTRAL ASIA

The study provides the results of AIV surveillance in Central Asia region during 2003-2009. We have analyzed. 2604 samples from wild birds. These samples were collected in Kazakhstan. (279), Mongolia (650), and Russia (1675). Isolated viruses from samples collected in Mongolia (13 isolates) and. in Russia (4 isolates) were described. Virological analysis has shown that 6 isolates belong to H3N6 subtype and. 5 isolates belong to H4N6 subtype. Two H1N1 influenza viruses, one H10N7 virus, two H3N8 viruses, and. H13N8 virus, which is new for Central Asia, have been also isolated. Samples were taken from birds of 6 orders, including several species, preferring water and semi-aquatic biotopes, one species, preferring dry plain regions, and one more species which can inhabit both dry and. water biotopes

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA H5N1 IN RUSSIA (2005-2012)

Russia covering a large part of Eurasia is of special interest for influenza virus ecology and evolution. The importance of this region has been confirmed by the previous outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 among wild birds from 2005 to 2010. Avian influenza virus surveillance is an important task prior the fundamental study and introduction. these data in practice. The article contains detailed comparative virological, molecular, pathogenic characteristics of H5N1 viruses isolated in Russia. Some molecular-epidemiological aspects are discussed. This study demonstrates the need for ongoing surveillance to detect new variants of influenza viruses and. facilitate prevention of outbreaks

ECOLOGY OF INFLUENZA A VIRUSES, ISOLATED FROM GULLS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

During this research huge surveillance study, the role of Gulls as the nature host of influenza A viruses was established. Oral and cloacal samples from Gulls were collected on the territory of the Russian Far East. Fourteen influenza A viruses were isolated

THE ROLE OF WILD BIRDS IN PRESERVATION AND PREVALENCE OF AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS SEROTYPE 1 (NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUSES) IN SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST, RUSSIA

The aim is to evaluate ecological diversity of wild birds in Siberia and the Russian Far East, which are carriers of Newcastle disease virus that belongs to potentially dangerous pathogen for poultry.Methods. Biological materials (cloacal swabs and intestinal fragments) of wild migratory birds were collected in 2008-2014. The viral isolates were propagated in the allantoic cavity of developing chicken embryos. The presence of virus was determined in hemagglutination tests and primary identification of Newcastle disease virus was confirmed by RT-PCR. Pathogenicity of the obtained isolates was determined in tests ICPI and MDT.Results. 4443 samples were obtained from wild migratory birds of 11 avian orders and were investigated. Newcastle disease virus was detected in 40 birds from 4 orders. The Duck family (Anatidae) of the Waterfowl order (Anseriformes) plays the leading role in the circulation of Newcastle disease virus in Siberia and the Far East.The main species among them - a teal (Anas crecca), a garganey (Anas querquedula), a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and a shoveler (Anas clypeata). All studied isolatesof Newcastle disease virus are apatogenic except for two deponated strains.Main conclusions. Wild migratory birds from orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are capable of carrying Newcastle diseasevirus and could transfer pathogenic variants of this virus to the Russian territory

MORTALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND NATURAL INFECTION CAUSED BY HIGHLY PATHOGENIC INFLUENZA VIRUS H5N1

In this paper the data for mortality from experimental infections and natural contamination in different species of poultry is presented. Mortality of natural contamination was identified during the epizootic of influenza in the Novosibirsk area in July 2005. We infected domestic geese, ducks and two breeds of chickens with highly pathogenic influenza virus A/goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 (H5N1) for the experiments constructed

Нутритивный статус пациентов в длительном критическом состоянии

Material and methods. We examined 23 patients with chronic critical illness who were in a minimally conscious state (MCS) with 10.9±2.5 scores on the FOUR (Full Outline of Unresponsiveness) Score Coma Scale. Indicators of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and energy exchange metabolism were evaluated using specimens sampled in the morning hours. Nutritional support was provided by isocaloric isonitrogenic mixtures.Results. Blood biochemistry showed decreases in total protein and albumin levels in 86.9% and 91.3% of patients, respectively. The tests also revealed decreased concentrations of several amino acids, including essential amino acids: histidine (38.3±13.07 µmol/l), methionine (12.68±3.81 µmol/l), threonine (61.6 [58.5;87.7] µmol/l), tryptophan (33.06±15.95 µmol/l), and non-essential amino acids: arginine (40.50 [22.2; 46.9] µmol/l), glutamic acid (124.5±39.29 µmol/l), tyrosine (37.97±10.12 µmol/l). Some correlations between the concentrations of individual amino acids and other indicators were revealed, such as histidine and CRP (r=–0.68, P=0.043), tryptophan and CRP (r=–0.86, P=0.002), histidine and leukocyte count (r=–0.76, P=0.015), methionine and lysine (r=0.88, P=0.008), methionine and patient's weight (r=–0.68, P=0.042). A relationship between threonine concentration and the level of consciousness on the FOUR scale (r=–0.73, P=0.037) was also found. All patients demonstrated significant alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.Conclusion. Alteration of adequate protein metabolism seems to be the most affected constituent in the nutritional status of patients with chronic critical illness. It is manifested by a decrease in the concentration of total protein and a number of essential and non-essential amino acids, which implies the importance of highprotein nutritional support and correction of the amino acid profile. Цель. Оценить состояние нутритивного статуса пациентов в длительном критическом состоянииМатериал и методы. Обследовали 23 пациента в длительном критическом состоянии, находящихся в минимальном сознании по шкале FOUR (Full Outline of Unresponsiveness), уровень сознания — 10,9±2,5 балла. Оценили показатели углеводного, жирового и белкового обмена, а также энергообмена, забор анализов осуществляли в утренние часы. Нутритивную поддержку обеспечивали изокалорическими изонитрогенными смесями.Результаты. В биохимических показателях крови у 86,9% пациентов выявили сниженное содержание общего белка, у 91,3% — альбумина. При этом отметили также снижение концентрации ряда аминокислот: среди незаменимых — гистидина 38,3±13,07 мкмоль/л, метионина 12,68±3,81 мкмоль/л, треонина 61,6 [58,5; 87,7] мкмоль/л, триптофана 33,06±15,95 мкмоль/л, а среди заменимых — аргинина 40,50 [22,2; 46,9] мкмоль/л, глутаминоваой кислоты 124,5±39,29 мкмоль/л и тирозина 37,97±10,12 мкмоль/л. Выявили корреляционные связи между содержанием некоторых аминокислот и другими показателями пациентов: между концентрацией гистидина и содержанием СРБ (r=–0,68, p=0,043), а также между концентрациями триптофана и СРБ (r =–0,86, p=0,002), концентрацией гистидина и количеством лейкоцитов (r=–0,76, p=0,015), концентрацией метионина и лизином (r=0,88, p=0,008), концентрацией метионина и весом пациента (r=0,68, p=0,042), и связь между концентрацией треонина и уровнем сознания по шкале FOUR (r=–0,73, p=0,037). Выраженных нарушений углеводного и жирового обмена не отметили.Заключение. Установили, что у пациентов в длительном критическом состоянии наиболее страдающим участком нутритивного статуса является нарушение адекватного белкового обмена. Оно проявляется снижением концентрации белка и ряда заменимых и незаменимых аминокислот, что предполагает важность высокобелковой нутритивной поддержки и коррекции аминокислотного профиля.

PECULIARITIES OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL BRUCELLOSIS CAUSED BY SAND L-FORMS OF CAUSATIVE AGENT

Comparative evaluation, of bacteriological, serological and PCR diagnostic methods was resulted, at experimental brucellosis in guinea pigs infected, with. S- and. L-forms of the causative agent in different periods of the infection. It was shown that Brucella S-forms were isolated, during six months, L-forms - about one month, by a bacteriological method. Positive PCR results were observed about six months after S- and. L-form infection in animals. Positive slide agglutination, of guinea pig blood sera was revealed, till 12 months by a corpuscular diagnosticum with. S- and. L-forms of Brucella. Complex use of bacteriological, PCR and. serological methods for laboratory diagnostics of atypical brucellosis caused, by Brucella L-form allows to obtain more reliable information, about epizootological-epidemiological situation in non-manifested (non-clinical) infection foci

Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse CdS Nanocrystals via Microreaction

CdS-based nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted extensive interest due to their potential application as key luminescent materials for blue and white LEDs. In this research, the continuous synthesis of monodisperse CdS NCs was demonstrated utilizing a capillary microreactor. The enhanced heat and mass transfer in the microreactor was useful to reduce the reaction temperature and residence time to synthesize monodisperse CdS NCs. The superior stability of the microreactor and its continuous operation allowed the investigation of synthesis parameters with high efficiency. Reaction temperature was found to be a key parameter for balancing the reactivity of CdS precursors, while residence time was shown to be an important factor that governs the size and size distribution of the CdS NCs. Furthermore, variation of OA concentration was demonstrated to be a facile tuning mechanism for controlling the size of the CdS NCs. The variation of the volume percentage of OA from 10.5 to 51.2% and the variation of the residence time from 17 to 136 s facilitated the synthesis of monodisperse CdS NCs in the size range of 3.0–5.4 nm, and the NCs produced photoluminescent emissions in the range of 391–463 nm

The First Case of <I>Yersinia Pestis</I> Subsp. <I>Pestis</I> Isolation in the Territory of Altai Mountain Natural Plague Focus. Communication 1. Microbiological Characteristics, Molecular-Genetic and Mass-Spectrometric Identification of the Isolate

Performed is a complex microbiological, molecular-genetic and mass-spectrometric identification of Yersinia pestis main ssp. strain, which was isolated for the first time in the history of surveillance over the Altai mountain natural plague focus in June, 2012. Determined is its high universal virulence. Plasmid screening, multi-locus VNTR- and mass-spectrometric analyses have revealed the strain to be more closely related to the plague agent variant, circulating in the territory of the natural focus Khuukh-Serkh-Munkh-Khairkhan, Bayan-Ul’giisk aimak, Mongolia