Examining the fraud awareness from the university’s academic staffs perspectives / Mohamad Ridhuan Mat Dangi and Noor Hasimah M. Yacob

This study investigates the level of knowledge, awareness and understanding of fraud activities. It also identifies elements of fraud triangle theory which has the most influence on fraud activities and examines the fraudsters profile from academic staff perspectives. Findings from this study show that most of the academic staffs have a moderate knowledge and awareness of fraud and generally the information was obtained from the Internet. Most of them choose opportunity as the motivational factor for someone to perpetrate fraud and it will cause a serious problem to the society

Personal tax system: a comparison among Asean Commonwealth countries / Noor Hasimah M Yacob ... [et al.]

The primary purpose of taxation is to raise revenue for the country. A good, efficient and friendly tax system will raise more revenue to the government and will encourage a taxpayer to pay tax. Personal income tax is one of the taxes charged in every country for an individual taxpayer. The objectives of this study are to analyse and compare the difference between the personal tax system applied in Malaysia and other countries. The sample countries are chosen based on the list of Asean Commonwealth countries, namely Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The scopes of comparison are the scope of charge, determination of residence status, basis of assessment, types of income chargeable, tax rate, tax deductions, reliefs and rebates. The data is collected from the website of Inland Revenue of each sample countries based on 2017 and 2018’s rules and regulation. This study found that there is a difference between personal tax system applies in Malaysia and other study countries. However, Malaysia and Singapore have a quite a similar personal tax system regarding scope charge, types of income chargeable and reliefs available to a taxpayer. The findings of this study provide an input to the government and tax authorities in formulating tax policies. It also can be used by the public to get an idea regarding a personal taxation system among the sample countries and can help them to choose a tax haven country. This study is limited to the tax system applied for an individual having non-business income. It does not cover the taxability of business income and deduction for business expenses. This study can be extended to explore the taxability of business income and tax deduction for individual having business income

Students' sensory modalities and acceptance of using funancial.s.battle (FSB) as learning method in accounting education / Syahida Md Zeni... [et al.]

Accounting educators uses various techniques in making the subject interesting including introducing of accounting games in class. However, previous study shows that students’ improvement is varied. Therefore this paper aims to explore students' ability to absorb learning financial statement using board game known as FUNancial.S.Battle (FSB) with their sensory modalities, VAK (visual, auditory, kinesthetic). 64 students enrolled for Financial Accounting 2 (FAR160) subject was chosen to participate in this study, as they have enough basic knowledge about financial statement. They were given set of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) representational system preference test before playing the FSB game, once finished, another set of questionnaire was given to get their feedback about the game. Results were then analysed using SPSS to find whether there is any relationship between students' VAK and their acceptance of using board game as learning method in understanding the preparation of financial statement. Result shows that students with kinesthetic ability preferred using games better than the others. Since this area of study was rarely found in Malaysia, further study need to be done to confirm the finding. Furthermore sample of students should involve those majoring in accounting and also non-accounting students to see the difference. Further analysis should be done in future research to find out the significant relationship between sensory modalities and FSB game acceptance

Deferred tax and earnings management under MASB 25 / Noor Hasimah M. Yacob, Nor'Azam Mastuki and Rohaya Md Noor

This paper investigates whether Malaysian publicly listed companies in 10 sectors use deferred tax and discretionary accruals as tools to manage earnings in order to meet earning targets: 1) to avoid an earning decline and 2) to avoid a loss. This research examines financial statements prepared during the period 2003 to 2005 when the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASB) 25 Accounting for Income Taxes was in place. This study uses Burgstahler and Dichev's approach to identify earnings management firms. Healy's model and a modified Jones model are also employed to identify and separate accruals. The results show no evidence that deferred tax has been used by firms as a tool to manage earnings during the period of study. The finding suggests that the implementation of the MASB 25 (now known as Financial Reporting Standard (FRS) 112), which is more comprehensive and specific than lAS 12, has reduced the use of deferred tax by firms in managing their earnings. In contrast, the findings of this study provide evidence that firms use discretionary accruals to avoid reporting losses. The results ofthis study may be of use to researchers studying earnings management behavior and for standard setters with regard to establishing and monitoring standards