Study of CFRP Manufacturing Offcuts with Ssecondary Resin Impregnation via Hand Lay Up

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ASSESSMENT OF THE ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE IN MALACCA MOSQUE,MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY ON THE SAYYIDINA ABU BAKAR MOSQUE

As a building for worship and one of the important symbols in Islam, a mosque is usually designed with its architectural grandeur. Among of the characteristics is its spacious interior to create a perception so that people will feel ’small’ when entering the house of God. Most mosques therefore have high ceiling and are usually constructed with dome shape. In Malacca, Malaysia however, the architectural of the mosque resembles the traditional Malay house where the ceiling follows a pyramidal shape. This paper discusses the acoustical condition of the mosque in Malacca. The Sayyidina Abu Bakar Mosque is presented here for a case study. Measurement of its reverberation time was conducted and the results are validated with simulation data from CATT room acoustics software. Other important acoustical parameters are evaluated such as the early decay time, clarity, definition, lateral fraction and speech transmission index

Gravity Effects of Curing Angle on Laminated Composite Structures: A Review on Novel Study

Composites manufactured by small and medium industries/entrepreneurs (SMI/E) are conventionally cured in the horizontal position. Hence, the confined space restricts optimum productivity. Besides, SMI/E is unable to allocate high budget for high-end technology such as autoclave and vacuum mechanical oven which limits the development of SMI/E as a result of high capital cost. Through a series of literature review, the review confirmed that there is no similar scientific study has been conducted. Consequently, the review is carried out to facilitate the investigation of the feasibility of a gravity cured glass fiber laminated thermosetting composites via vacuum bagging at angle position from horizontal (0 ∘ ) to vertical (90 ∘ ) to enhance the curing space required

Evaluation On Compression Properties Of Different Shape And Perforated rHDPE In Concrete Structures

The purpose of this study was to develop a concrete structure by incorporating waste HDPE plastic as the main reinforcement material and cement as the matrix via standard casting technique. There are eight different shapes of rHDPE reinforcing structure were used to investigate the compression properties of produced concrete composites. Experimental result shown that the highest shape in compressive strength of rHDPE reinforcing structure were the concrete with the addition of X-perforated beam (18.22 MPa), followed by X-beam (17.7 MPa), square perforated tube (17.54 MPa), round tube (17.42 MPa) and round perforated tube (16.69 MPa). In terms of their compressive behavior, the average concrete containing rHDPE reinforcement was successfully improved by 6 % of the mechanical characteristic compared to control concrete. It is shown that the addition of waste plastic as reinforcement structure can provide better compressive strength based on their shape and pattern respectively

Developments on Baby Strollers over the Last Decade

It has come to attention that the interest of baby stroller design is still encouraged and popular among worldwide researches and consumers. A visual history and timeline of invented baby strollers from 1973 to today’s baby strollers was drafted. Moreover, a ten years review on multiple designs of baby strollers was done ranging from the year 2008 to 2018. Based on the review, there are many possible ways to design a baby stroller which its sole purpose is to transport a baby in a much easier method. Through this review, it is noticeable that baby stroller inventors are implementing additional functions like rocking mechanism, diaper changing table, and others. The use of electronic devices in strollers is slowly implemented as the years increases, although there always potential ideas for improvements. Graphs and tables on baby strollers by their popularity and brand was drawn with online shopping websites as a resource to recognize consumer’s interest. Besides that, potential improvements and ideas on the design and fabrication of baby strollers were suggested to fit in with the impending society and future generation

The ability of natural / synthetic fibers compound for ballistic impedance: A review

Mechanical characteristics of the laminated composite crafted from fabric type reinforcement perhaps inspired via the usage of the weaving method and reinforcement agent due to the constructional parameter of each layer. As a result, the research on the arrangement configuration between bio composite fiber and synthetic fiber for the composite shape is proposed in the direction of enhancing biodiversity and physical characteristics of the composite structure. Substitute for natural fiber in synthetic fiber composite works has the excessive capacity to be explored scientifically. This evaluates focused on the concept and essential of bio composite and the synthetic composite fabric positioned over the years from the previous studies of the preliminary researches. The sorts and features of matrix and fiber filler reinforcement materials in composites also are discussed. The main findings in this assessment show that the centre of composite relies on the weave styles and the roles of interply and intraply lamination. Therefore, the state-of-the-art intraply for synthetic fiber and biocomposite fiber in a composite shape is anticipated performing higher in the issue of mechanical energy in particular within the application of ballistic resistance, besides decreased dependency on artificial fiber. It will ultimately suggest the excellent weave sample designs in the useful combination shape of natural and synthetic fibers embedded with polymers. The statistical results are comparing with the experimental parameters available inside the literature review. These review ambitions in explaining approximately the studies and evolution within the enhancement of characteristic fibers reinforced polymer composites in ballistic resistance use. This paper goes over the body armour profitable and present advancement materials, structure and development procedures included and related works on upgrading ballistic energy captivation and upgrading the mechanical tenacity for high impact resistance applications

Surface Roughness Analysis of Stainless Steel Counterface (AISI-304) Subjected to Treated Betelnut Fiber–Reinforced Polyester (T-BFRP) Composites Aged in Different Solutions with Different Kinematic Viscosity

The current research aims to study the surface roughness (Ra) analysis of stainless steel counterface type AISI-304 subjected to Treated Betelnut Fiber–Reinforced Polyester (T-BFRP) composites that are aged for a period of 3 years in different solutions with different kinematic viscosity. The test was conducted with a pin-on-disk wear test rig, which was designed and fabricated in-house according to ASTM G99-05, Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus (Superseded). Different sliding distances (0–3.36 km) at a fixed applied normal load of 30 N subjected to a smooth stainless steel (60 HB) counterface at a sliding velocity of 2.83 m/s were used as the experimental parameters. Different orientations (O) of the betelnut fiber mats with respect to the sliding direction of the counterface were investigated, i.e., antiparallel (AP) and parallel (P) directions. The worn surface morphology was studied using a metallurgical microscope. Results revealed that the aged T-BFRP composite in a R134a solution demonstrated the lowest Ra values after the sliding wear test and after the counterface was cleaned. This result is due to the lowest absorption rate (i.e., highest kinematic viscosity) incurred by the aged AP and P test specimens as compared to the other types of aging solutions. As such, the improvement in Ra values of the samples aged in R134a solution were 87.8 and 99.9 % for the aged AP and P test samples, respectively, as compared to the aged neat polyester (NP) samples. It was also noted that the fibers had low absorption rates when they were aged in solutions with high kinematic viscosity; in other words, the aged T-BFRP composite demonstrated the lowest absorption rate (≈0.0085 %) when it was aged in the R134a solution. Aged NP did not show any remarkable absorption into the test samples mainly because of the absence of fibers. All in all, this work reveals a possible method that can be used to lower the damage on abrasiveness to processing equipment by means of aging the composite in various solutions with different kinematic viscosities

Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling of Laminated Composite after Cured at Different Angle

Abstract. Moisture absorption is a very important factor in polymers and composite materials used for hull manufacture and stability in marine environment. High water absorption of the material will affects the mechanical properties and stability in composite. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry. Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. This paper will discuss about the investigation on the water absorption and thickness swelling of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 and SN7 shows to have good water resistant in physical properties

Degradation behaviour of treated betelnut fibres reinforced polyester composites for tribological applications

The current research aims to study the tribological performance of treated betelnut fibre reinforced polyester (T-BFRP) composite aged in different lubricants with different kinematic viscosity. The test was conducted using a pin on disc (POD) wear test rig at different applied normal loads (5-30 N) at different sliding distances (0-6.72 km) subjected to a smooth stainless steel (AISI-304, 60 HB) counterface at 2.83 m/s of sliding velocity. Results revealed that the specific wear rate (Ws) of T-BFRP composite reduced at higher applied loads, i.e., the reduction in Ws was 90% for AP and 86.3% for P test samples as compared to neat polyester (NP) test samples at 20 N of applied load. This was namely due to the lowest absorption rate incurred by the betelnut fibres when they were aged in their respective aging solutions, i.e., highest kinematic viscosity resulting in lowest absorption rate by the fibres. In other words, at high kinematic viscosities, T-BFRP composite experienced low values in Ws (i.e., low absorption rate by the fibres, lower material removal process due to high fibre surface wettability)

Potentiality of Utilising Non-Woven Kenaf Fibre Composite for Car Door Map Pocket

Natural fibres have become an alternative solution of fibrous material in this millennium due to increasing population. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the potential of non-woven kenaf as door map pocket reinforced composite. The composite was made by non-woven kenaf as a reinforcement and epoxy resin as a matrix material. The composite was fabricated by hand lay-up process and followed by vacuum bagging process. The composite was made with their thickness or layers of fibre increased, starting with one layer (L1) until six layers (L6). The results revealed that the L2 produced the best optimum tensile strength and flexural strength, increased by 114 % and 19 % respectively, compared to actual product. The highest tensile and flexural strength were L6, about 5.531 kN and 1.041 kN respectively. The evidence from this study suggests that the non-woven kenaf for door map pocket reinforced composite shows good tensile and flexural property as a potential to replace the petroleum-based composite or synthetic thermoplastics