Pyelonephritis in slaughter pigs and sows: Morphological characterization and aspects of pathogenesis and aetiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pyelonephritis is a serious disease in pig production that needs to be further studied. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology, investigate the pathogenesis, and evaluate the aetiological role of <it>Escherichia coli </it>in pyelonephritis in slaughtered pigs by concurrent bacteriological, gross and histopathological examinations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From Danish abattoirs, kidneys and corresponding lymph nodes from 22 slaughtered finishing pigs and 26 slaughtered sows with pyelonephritis were collected and evaluated by bacteriology and pathology. Based on gross lesions, each kidney (lesion) was grouped as acute, chronic, chronic active, or normal and their histological inflammatory stage was determined as normal (0), acute (1), sub-acute (2), chronic active (3), or chronic (4). Immunohistochemical identification of neutrophils, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, <it>E. coli </it>and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in renal sections was performed. The number of <it>E. coli </it>and the proportion of immunohistochemically visualized leukocytes out of the total number of infiltrating leukocytes were scored semi-quantitatively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Lesions in finishing pigs and sows were similar. Macroscopically, multiple unevenly distributed foci of inflammation mostly affecting the renal poles were observed. Histologically, tubulointerstitial infiltration with neutrophils and mononuclear cells and tubular destruction was the main findings. The significant highest scores of L1 antigen⁺neutrophils were in inflammatory stage 1 while the significant highest scores of CD79αcy⁺B-lymphocytes, IgG⁺and IgA⁺plasma cells were in stage 3 or 4. Neutrophils were the dominant leukocytes in stage 1 while CD3ε⁺T-lymphocytes dominated in stage 2, 3 and 4. Interstitially THP was seen in 82% and 98% of kidneys with pyelonephritis from finishing pigs and sows, respectively. <it>E. coli </it>was demonstrated in monoculture and/or identified by immunohistochemistry in relation to inflammation in four kidneys from finishing pigs and in 34 kidneys from sows.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>E. coli </it>played a significant role in the aetiology of pyelonephritis. Neutrophils were involved in the first line of defence. CD3ε⁺T-lymphocytes were involved in both the acute and chronic inflammatory response while a humoral immune response was most pronounced in later inflammatory stages. The observed renal lesions correspond with an ascending bacterial infection with presence of intra-renal reflux.</p

Confusion and dependence in uses of history

Many people argue that history makes a special difference to the subjects of biology and psychology, and that history does not make this special difference to other parts of the world. This paper will show that historical properties make no more or less of a difference to biology or psychology than to chemistry, physics, or other sciences. Although historical properties indeed make a certain kind of difference to biology and psychology, this paper will show that historical properties make the same kind of difference to geology, sociology, astronomy, and other sciences. Similarly, many people argue that nonhistorical properties make a special difference to the nonbiological and the nonpsychological world. This paper will show that nonhistorical properties make the same difference to all things in the world when it comes to their causal behavior and that historical properties make the same difference to all things in the world when it comes to their distributions. Although history is special, it is special in the same way to all parts of the worl

System, Netzwerk und Geschlecht

Tacke V. System, Netzwerk und Geschlecht. In: Wilz SM, ed. Struktur, Konstruktion, Askription: Theoretische und empirische Perspektiven auf Geschlecht und Gesellschaft. Studienbrief. Vol 33714. Hagen: FernUniversität Hagen; 2006: 233-264

„So test therefore, who join forever, if heart to heart be found together!“ – Decision and (e)valuation in organizational processes of personnel selection

Dorn C, Wilz SM. „So test therefore, who join forever, if heart to heart be found together!“ – Decision and (e)valuation in organizational processes of personnel selection. Hagen: FernUniversität Hagen; 2019

„Das steht so im Protokoll!“. Die organisationale Produktion von Gewissheit

Dorn C, Wilz SM. „Das steht so im Protokoll!“. Die organisationale Produktion von Gewissheit. In: Dimbath O, Pfadenhauer M, eds. Gewissheit. Beiträge und Debatten zum 3. Sektionskongress der Wissenssoziologie. Weinheim: Beltz Juventa; 2021: 463-464

Personalauswahl als kommunikative Verkettung von Bewertungsmomenten

Dorn C, Wilz SM. Personalauswahl als kommunikative Verkettung von Bewertungsmomenten. In: Meier F, Peetz T, eds. Organisation und Bewertung. Organisationssoziologie. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2021: 193-216.Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass die Auswahl von Personal einen Prozess darstellt, in dem verschiedene Bewertungs- und Entscheidungsgelegenheiten miteinander verbunden sind. Anhand einer Fallstudie zur Rekrutierung von Führungskräften wird deutlich, dass die Personalauswahl nicht auf vereinzelten und in sich abgeschlossenen Bewertungs- und Entscheidungsvorgängen beruht, sondern auf dem Anschluss unterschiedlicher Situationen, die verschiedene Akteure, Kriterien und Verfahren involvieren. Die passende Person wird dabei unter Rückgriff auf sowohl situative als auch organisatorisch dauerhaft etablierte Beziehungen, Regeln und interpretative Muster kommunikativ konstruiert. Der Beitrag zeigt damit auch, dass die Bewertungsforschung von der Organisationsforschung profitieren kann, wenn sie den prozesshaften Ursprung und die organisationale Einbindung von Bewertungen berücksichtigt, während die Organisationsforschung ihre Erkenntnisse über Entscheidungsprozesse vertiefen kann, wenn sie die damit verbundenen Bewertungsprozesse in die Analyse einbezieht

Structural Basis for Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediated Gene Activation

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) constitute a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix-Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) domain containing transcription factor with central functions in development and cellular homeostasis. AHR is activated by xenobiotics, notably dioxin, as well as by exogenous and endogenous metabolites. Modulation of AHR activity holds promise for the treatment of diseases featuring altered cellular homeostasis, such as cancer or autoimmune disorders. Here, we present the crystal structure of a heterodimeric AHR:ARNT complex containing the PAS A and bHLH domain bound to its target DNA. The structure provides insights into the DNA binding mode of AHR and elucidates how stable dimerization of AHR:ARNT is achieved through sophisticated domain interplay via three specific interfaces. Using mutational analyses, we prove the relevance of the observed interfaces for AHR-mediated gene activation. Thus, our work establishes the structural basis of AHR assembly and DNA interaction and provides a template for targeted drug design