The Solar Cycle Field Reversal

A non-mathematical model of the solar cycle field reversal is presented. The basic process producing the reversal in this model is surface reconnection of higher latitude p-flux with lower latitude f-flux. This picture differs substantially from the reversal aspect of the solar cycle field geometry presented by Babcock (1961), but the discussion is carried out entirely within the context of the flux ropes he originally considered

Development of battery separator material process Interim report

Dose rate of irradiation grafting for polyethylene film with acrylic aci

Development of Battery Separator Material Process Quarterly Report, 8 Jan. - 31 Mar. 1969

Polyethylene film grafts, grafting solution properties, and effects on electrical resistanc

Development of battery separator material process Quarterly report, 2 Jul. - 30 Sep. 1969

Battery separator materials from acrylic acid grafting solution with polyethylene film effect

Development of battery separator material process Final report

Battery separator material made by grafting and crosslinking polyethylene film

Autonomic arousal and attentional orienting to visual threat are predicted by awareness

The rapid detection and evaluation of threat is of fundamental importance for survival. Theories suggest that this evolutionary pressure has driven functional adaptations in a specialized visual pathway that evaluates threat independently of conscious awareness. This is supported by evidence that threat-relevant stimuli rendered invisible by backward masking can induce physiological fear responses and modulate spatial attention. The validity of these findings has since been questioned by research using stringent, objective measures of awareness. Here, we use a modified continuous flash suppression paradigm to ask whether threatening images induce adaptive changes in autonomic arousal, attention, or perception when presented outside of awareness. In trials where stimuli broke suppression to become visible, threatening stimuli induced a significantly larger skin conductance response than nonthreatening stimuli and attracted spatial attention over scrambled images. However, these effects were eliminated in trials where observers were unaware of the stimuli. In addition, concurrent behavioral data provided no evidence that threatening images gained prioritized access to awareness. Taken together, our data suggest that the evaluation and spatial detection of visual threat are predicted by awareness