Value of Fungicide Application in Wheat Production in Southwest Kansas

During the past several years, applying fungicide to wheat has become a more common practice. The availability of cost-effective generic fungicides, as well as the positive yield responses often reported, seem to be the potential drivers for the adoption of such practices by producers. We conducted a wheat fungicide trial in Garden City, KS, to answer the following questions: 1) Do fungicide applications pay? And 2) Can remote sensing technology be used to quantify the efficacy of different fungicide products? The study consisted of two wheat varieties sown on September 29, 2015 (Oakley CL, highly resistant to stripe rust; and TAM 11, highly susceptible to stripe rust), different fungicide products and different times of application. Stripe rust was the major fungal disease impacting wheat yield in southwest Kansas in 2015-16. Fungicide application increased grain yield over the control for all fungicide products. The greatest grain yield resulted from the application of Tebustar. These results suggest that there could be some potential benefits to early season application of fungicide in southwest Kansas, although the majority of the grain yield gain comes from the flag leaf application. Additional years of data are required to make more robust, meaningful interpretations

Value of Fungicide Application in Wheat Production in Southwest Kansas, 2017 Report

During the past several years, applying fungicide to wheat has become a more common practice. The availability of cost-effective generic fungicides, as well as the positive yield responses often reported, seem to be the potential drivers for the adoption of such prac­tices by producers. A wheat fungicide trial was conducted in Garden City, KS, to answer the following questions: 1) Are fungicide applications profitable? and 2) Can remote sensing technology be used to quantify the efficacy of different fungicide products? The study consisted of two wheat varieties sown on September 30, 2016 (Oakley CL, highly resistant to stripe rust; and TAM 111, highly susceptible to stripe rust) and treated with different fungicide products. Stripe and leaf rust were the major fungal diseases impact­ing wheat yield in southwest Kansas in 2017. Wheat production in 2017 was impacted by dry planting conditions in late 2016, a winter ice storm in January, and a late snow storm on April 30, and severe wheat streak mosaic virus infestation. There were signifi­cant differences in grain yield among fungicide products for both TAM 111 and Oakley CL. The large changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values suggest that multiple environmental factors were interacting to impact the wheat plant health. The benefit of fungicide application observed on yield was minimal under the environ­mental conditions of 2017

A Unique Communicating Arterial Branch between the Celiac Trunk and the Superior Mesenteric Artery: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: Many anatomical variations have been associated with the Celiac Trunk, of which most are classified as being asymptomatic. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we describe yet another anatomical variation involving the Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric artery and the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery during routine cadaveric dissection. We identified a fourth branch of the Celiac trunk (quadrification) that communicated with the Superior Mesenteric artery at the point of origin of the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery which we concluded to be the Anterior Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery. CONCLUSION: This anastomosis could be essential in the case of occlusion between the Celiac Trunk and the Superior Mesenteric artery

Transnational governance for mining and the mineral lifecycle

This review focuses on transnational governance in the minerals and mining sector. Although several initiatives have emerged to address specific governance challenges in this sector, knowledge of these efforts is piecemeal and little is known about patterns in transnational governance development across this issue area. We address these gaps by reviewing the extant research literature and analyzing empirical examples of transnational minerals and mining governance, using the gold sector as an illustrative case. We identify the social, humanitarian, security, and environmental problems manifest along the mineral lifecycle and consider the extent to which existing transnational governance initiatives address these issues. We call for future scholarship that addresses the diversity of transnational governance practices in the minerals and mining sector and explains emergent patterns in the particular forms of governance that dominate this issue area, as well the types of problems that have (and have not) received attention