Diagnosis and treatment of muscle pain according to Tipaldos (literature review)

This review contents the information on the theory of the structure and mechanisms of damage to the body fascial system, proposed by American osteopath S. Tipaldos and named by him the Fascial Distortion Model (FDM), as well as on the original method of diagnosis and treatment of muscle pain syndromes associated with fascial damage (distortion). The author describes classifications of connective tissue and fascial structures, created by S.  Tipaldos, which are based on anatomical and functional features that determine the role of each type of fascia in compensating for various types of external influences. The conditions, mechanisms of formation and characteristics of six types of fascial lesions identified by S. Tipaldos are considered in detail: triggerband, herniated triggerpoint, continuum distortion, folding distortion, cylinder distortion, tectonic fixation. All elements of the fascial distortions diagnosis are discussed in detail, including the specification of complaints (characteristics of pain syndrome), anamnesis (history of the pain onset and its development) and an objective examination (the actual diagnostic techniques). At the same time, the special role of the patient’s description of his own painful sensations with the help of specific gestures and movements, called «body language», is emphasized. The principles and some methods of therapeutic effects used in FDM-therapy, indications and contraindications for the use of the considered manual techniques, possible side reactions that may occur during manipulation or after a session of FDMtherapy are presented. Particular attention is paid to  the evidence base of FDM therapy effectiveness in comparison with traditional methods of myofascial pain syndromes manual treatment: the results of controlled studies by foreign authors, confirming the new technique effectiveness in the treatment of certain muscle algic phenomena types, are considered

Insomnia in general practice: the role of doxylamine

The general practitioner encounters all three forms of insomnia: idiopathic, chronic and acute. Idiopathic and chronic patients should receive specialized care by neurologist, psychiatrist or sleep disorders specialists because they require deep differential diagnosis and complex treatment. Acute insomnia patients need quick help to prevent the negative health impact and chronisation of sleep disruption. In theRussian Federation, the GP has access to three kinds of sleep drugs: benzodiazepines, melatonin receptor agonists, antihistamines. However, modern benzodiazepines are unavailable inRussiaand older benzodiazepines can lead to dependence. Melatonin receptor agonists are not effective enough for acute insomnia. Among available antihistamines, doxylamine is the most convenient option in clinical practice. Doxylamine has a good profile of safety and efficacy, it is included in the local clinical guidelines for insomnia. Also, doxylamine is the only sleep drug available for pregnant women. This paper presents a portrait of doxylamine and comments on its clinical niches and contraindications. We also discuss the pharmacology of doxylamine, drug interactions, and prescription modes. There are also three clinical case studies, presenting the typical acute insomnia patients and logic for their evaluation, underlining key clinical features of this disorder

The effectiveness of reconstructive pharyngeal surgery in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea

There is no clear algorithm for the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome today. We conducted a study that included 44 patients c OSA: 20 patients with I-III degree tonsillar hypertrophy, those without soft palate hypertrophy (group I) and 24 patients with I - III degree tonsillar hypertrophy combined with soft palate hypertrophy. According to the cardiorespiratory sleep study, a positive result was achieved in all patients operated for I-III degree tonsillar and kion hypertrophy

The role of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and occlusal disorders in the pathophysiology of somatogenic cochlear and vestibular syndrome

Rationale: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction and occlusion abnormalities can cause cochlear and vestibular disorders. This issue is at the crossroads of several disciplines: otoneurology, physiotherapy, dentistry, medical rehabilitation and posturology, which often makes it difficult to timely diagnose them and delays the onset of treatment. Aim: To assess the role of abnormal dental occlusion and TMJ disorders in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of cochleovestibular syndrome. Materials and methods: We examined 300 subjects with clinical signs of cochleovestibular syndrome, asymmetry of occlusion and/or TMJ dysfunction (the main group), 55 patients with signs of TMJ structural and functional disorders and occlusal disorders without a cochleovestibular syndrome (the reference group), and 35 healthy volunteers (the control group). All patients were examined by a neurologist, an ENT specialist, a dentist and a physiotherapist. A series of additional investigations of the brachiocephalic vessels, cervical spine, TMJ, auditory and vestibular function, premature tooth contacts were performed. Results: The main group patients had high values of TMJ dysfunction in the Hamburg test (5.85 vs 2.2 in the reference group) and higher proportions of patients with moderate and severe TMJ dysfunction (n = 243, 81% and n = 13, 23.7%, respectively). The functional muscle test parameters and the results of manual muscle testing in the main group patients were significantly different from those in the control group (р < 0.05), whereas most values obtained in the reference group did not differ significantly (р > 0.05). Patients with cochleoves-tibular syndrome had 2 to 3-fold higher rates of vertebrogenic dysfunctions than those from the reference group. The video nystamography technique detected the positional cervical nystagmus in 100% (n = 300) of patients from the main group, whereas there were no nystagmus in those from the reference group. Voluntary dental occlusion in the main group patients was associated with a deterioration of postural tests in 61.8% (n = 185) of patients; in the reference group patients these parameters deteriorated in 38.2% (n = 21) of cases. According to T-SCAN assessment, 300 (100%) patients from the main group had in imbalance of total distribution of the occlusion force (р < 0.05 compared to the control group). The biggest number of patients from the main group (73.7%, n = 221) had an imbalance of occlusion force within 20 to 40%, and in most patients from the reference group this parameter was in the range of 10 to 30% (85.5%, n = 47), with 14.5% (n = 8) of this group having a normal balance of the occlusion force. Cerebrovascular reactivity parameters measured by ultrasound Doppler technique demonstrated a moderately significant (р < 0.05) strain of the cerebral hemodynamic reserve in the posterior arterial system in patients with cochleovestibular syndrome. Conclusion: Cochleovestibular disorders can be caused by a dysfunction of the dentoman-dibular system and/or cervical / masticatory myofascial syndrome. After exclusion of any otogenic pathology in patients with cochleovestibular syndrome, their neurological examination should include a visual assessment of the occlusion and mandibular movements, as well as testing of the cervical and masticatory muscles. If any abnormalities of occlusion and/or TMJ and local muscle dysfunction are revealed, then a dentist and a physiotherapist consultation should be performed

The use of perampanel in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: its effect on sleep

Perampanel (PER) is an antiepileptic drug (AED), the effects of which on sleep have not been studied in Russia.Objective: to assess changes in the quality of sleep, the level of daytime sleepiness, and the polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics of nocturnal sleep in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy when PER is incorporated into the therapy regimen as an additional AED.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 12 patients (4 men and 8 women) aged 21 to 49 years with drug-resistant epilepsy treated with several AEDs, who had initiated therapy with PER as an additional AED. PSG study and questioning survey were done before and 1 month after initiation of PER therapy.Results and discussion. After one month of PER therapy, there was an increase in the quality of night sleep in 5 cases and a reduction in daytime sleepiness in 6 cases. The PSG pattern was stable in 3 patients, worsened in 1, and improved in 8.Conclusion. The preliminary results suggest that PER therapy improves night sleep quality and reduces daytime sleepiness in about half of the cases, as evidenced by the improved PSG pattern in 67% of patients

Obstructive sleep apnea: the state of cerebral hemodynamic reserve

Background: Individuals with obstructive  sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have an increased risk of disabling disorders of the cardiovascular system, including  stroke.  The  mechanisms   of OSAS effects on cerebral blood flow and cerebral vascular autoregulation have not been clear enough. Aim: To study characteristics of cerebral blood flow in patients  with OSAS and the effect of CPAP therapy on cerebral hemodynamic reserve. Materials and  methods: One  hundred and  two  patients with various OSAS severity (61 male  and  41 female) and  20 healthy  volunteers  participated in the study. We performed  ultrasound assessment of cerebral  blood  flow with functional  tests  and calculated  reactivity indices. Results: With more severe OSAS, no significant differences in cerebral vascular reactivity compared to the control group were  registered. However, there  was a trend  to some  decrease  in the  index of constriction  and dilation  in the  vertebral  arteries  and  the  basilar artery, as well as to its increase in the middle cerebral artery in severe and moderate OSAS. The index of vasomotor  reactivity of cerebral  arteries was significantly (р < 0.05) lower in patients with  severe  OSAS:  for vertebral  arteries,  up  to 38.9 ± 8.5 and for basilar artery, up to 36.8 ± 15.7, compared to  the  control  group  (52.1 ± 9.8 and 50.1 ± 11.2, respectively). In patients who initiated CPAP therapy, there were no changes  in velosity, resistance  and  reactivity parameters of cerebral vessels after 2 months. Conclusion: We were able to  confirm a significant  impairment  of cerebral vascular autoregulation  in patients  with severe OSAS, predominantly in the posterior circulatory region. CPAP-therapy of 2 months'  duration  did not lead to restoration  of cerebral hemodynamic reserve

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: age aspects

Medical histories and results of examinations of 165 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were analyzed. The role of sleep deprivation, innervation of the pharynx and rapid weight gain in different age groups in the genesis of the syndrome was demonstrated. The details of 165 case histories of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and results of their cardiorespiratory examinations are analyzed. Role of chronic sleep deprivation, pharyngeal innervation disturbances and fast body mass growth in syndrome genesis in different age groups is discussed

INFLUENCE OF GINKGO BILOBA LEAF EXTRACT EGb 761 IN MONOTHERAPY ON SUBJECTIVE EAR NOISE

The results of treatment by Memoplant drug as monotherapy (120 mg, 2 times a day for 4 months) on the subjective ear noise and hearing function of 40 people are presented. Comprehensive audiological, neurological examination was conducted in the dynamics to all patients as well as the study of mental and emotional status. It is established that on Day 14 of the study, the patients subjectively reported a decrease in the intensity of ear noise. Significant improvement of tolerance to ear noise was recorded on Day 120  of the study. It was noted that the Memoplant effects the psychoemotional status of patients (subjectively reduces anxiety and depression significantly to Day 60 of the study). Side effects have not been identified