Frailty and age dynamics of separate clinical indicators in patients of therapeutic profile

Age-related dynamics of body homeostasis individual indicators in patients with risk of developing frailty and without frailty was studied in the research. Clinical indicators mostly associated with age were determined: muscle strength, glomerular filtration rate, total protein, potassium, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase activity, and blood plasma glucose. The contribution of reduced overall renal function, as well as anabolic activity of the liver in the development of age-related changes and frailty was studie

Персонализированная программа реабилитации пациентов старшего возраста с остеоартритом

Objective: to develop a personalized rehabilitation program for improving age-related resilience (AR), antioxidant status (AOS), the quality of life and reducing pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA).Patients and methods. The program consisted of two parts. In the first part, we conducted a comparative study to assess the AR (Mahnach test), geriatric status, and AOS (amperometric flow-injection analysis) in 181 subjects in total, with coxarthrosis (n=92) and without it (n=89). The average age of patients in two groups was comparable: 72.1±1.1 and 71.9±1.1 years. Using factor analysis, we developed the personalized rehabilitation program based on the obtained data. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated in the second part of our work. We conducted an additional comparative study of changes in AR, AOS, severity of joint pain (by visual analogue scale, VAS) and quality of life (according to SF-36 questionnaire) in patients with coxarthrosis (n=114).Results and discussion. Patients with coxarthrosis had significantly lower level of AR, total antioxidant, and antiradical activity, and a higher content of Schiff bases as compared to subjects without coxarthrosis (p<0.05). The program of rehabilitation, which included a course of treatment with Chondroquard, significantly improved AR, AOS, quality of life and reduced hip pain compared to the standard OA therapy (p<0.05).Conclusion. The personalized rehabilitation program has a complex positive effect on pain, quality of life, AR and AOS in elderly patients with OA.Цель исследования – разработка персонализированной программы реабилитации, направленной на повышение возрастной жизнеспособности (ВЖ), улучшение антиоксидантного статуса (АОС), уменьшение боли и улучшение качества жизни у пациентов старшего возраста с остеоартритом (ОА).Пациенты и методы. Программа состояла из двух частей. В первой части для оценки резервных показателей организма было проведено сравнительное исследование ВЖ (тест Махнача), гериатрического статуса и АОС (амперометрический проточно-инжекционный анализ) у 181 пациента с коксартрозом (n=92) и без такового (n=89). Средний возраст пациентов двух групп был сопоставим: 72,1±1,1 и 71,9±1,1 года. На основании полученных данных с использованием факторного анализа была разработана персонализированная программа реабилитации. Во второй части работы проводилась оценка ее эффективности. Было выполнено дополнительное сравнительное трехмесячное исследование динамики ВЖ, АОС, выраженности боли в суставах (по визуальной аналоговой шкале) и качества жизни (по SF-36), в которое вошли 114 пациентов с коксартрозом.Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов с коксартрозом отмечались значимо более низкие показатели ВЖ, общей антиокислительной, антирадикальной активности и более высокое содержание шиффовых оснований по сравнению с таковыми у лиц без коксартроза (р<0,05). Разработанная программа реабилитации, включавшая курсовое лечение Хондрогардом, по сравнению со стандартной терапией ОА значимо улучшала ВЖ, АОС, качество жизни и уменьшала боль в тазобедренных суставах (р<0,05).Заключение. Персонализированная программа реабилитации оказывает комплексное положительное влияние на боль, качество жизни, ВЖ и АОС у пациентов старших возрастных групп с ОА

Pathophysiologic aspects of the development of cognitive disorders in chronic heart failure in elderly patients

The present literature review presents current views on pathophysiologic aspects of the formation and progression of cognitive disorders in chronic heart failure in elderly patients. Advanced age itself is an important predictor of the development of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and other diseases. Involutive changes of cardiovascular system are known to potentiate the development of chronic heart failure. Heart failure in older people usually develops gradually. Formation of the cognitive deficit in heart disease is associated with chronic cerebral ischemia as well as a cascade of neurochemical processes occurring in the brain, eventually forming a vicious circle. Often the symptoms of cerebral ischemia due to reduced stroke volume occur much earlier than congestion signs in other organs and systems. Chronic cerebral ischemia that occurs due to violation of cerebral hemodynamics, is associated with both extracerebral and intracerebral causes, which in turn contributes to the development of chronic brain hypoxia and aggravation of cognitive dysfunction. Thus, the features of the development and course of disease in people of older age groups indicate that in geriatric practice existing diagnostic schemes are not always applicable. When observing patients of elderly and senile age with chronic heart failure, during the assessment of their condition and running diagnostic tests, special attention should be payed to the earliest detection of cognitive dysfunction signs in order to correct the patient's treatment and improve quality of life

Prevalence of geriatric syndromes in persons over 65 years: the first results of the EVCALIPT study

Aim. To study the prevalence of geriatric syndromes and assess their relationship with senile asthenia in persons aged ³65 years living in Russian regions with different demographic, climatic and socio-economic characteristics.Material and methods. We examined 664 patients aged 65-107 years (mean age, 79±9 years; men, 25%) living in Moscow (n=365) and Voronezh (n=299). All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric examination, which consisted of two stages: a survey with original questionnaire and an objective examination.Results. The prevalence of senile asthenia was 66,4%, including 47,4% in people aged 65-74, 71,1% — 75-84 years, and 82,8% — ³85 years (p for trend <0,001). Senile asthenia was associated with age (odds ratio (OR), 2,36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,89-2,93; p<0,001) and female sex (OR, 1,52; 95% CI 1,06-2,18; p=0,024). Patients with senile asthenia had a lower socioeconomic status. Also, close associations of senile asthenia with other geriatric syndromes (dementia, depression, vision and hearing impairment, incontinence, falls, high risk of falls, functional decline, failure to thrive) with OR from 1,32 to 7,22 were revealed.Conclusion. The first results of the EVCALIPT study indicate a high incidence of senile asthenia in persons aged ³65 years and its close association with other geriatric syndromes and socio-economic factors

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTOSIS AND PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS DEPENDING ON JAK2 AND CALR1 MUTATION STATUS

Introduction. JAK2V617F mutation is detected in approximately 50 % of patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). In 2013 most of the JAK2 negative patients showed mutations in the CALR gene. Diagnostic value of JAK2 and CALR mutations is high, but their prognostic significance is not sufficiently clear. Data on impact of JAK2 and CALR mutational status on thrombotic complications in ET and myelofibrosis patients are contradictory.The aim of the study was to identify clinical and laboratory features in patients with ET and PMF in accordance with the mutational status of JAK2V617F and CALR gene.Materials and methods. Patients treated in Almazov National Medical Research Center (St. Petersburg), Chuvash Republican Clinical Hospital (Cheboksary), Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital (Irkutsk),  Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (Kirov) was included in the retrospective study. CALR mutation (1 and 2 types), MPL W515L/K and JAK2V617F mutation were detected in peripheral blood cells.Results. We identified that 21 % (n = 16) of ET patients had thrombotic complications, and they occurred more often among JAK2V617F positive patients (p <0.05). The median of hemoglobin level in PMF was the lowest in the group of triple negative patients. The level of leukocytes in PMF was higher in the group of triple negative patients than in the group with mutated CALR (p = 0.014).Conclusion. JAK2V617F mutation in ET patients was associated with a high risk of thrombosis. Patients with CALR mutations may have a favorable prognosis regarding to thrombotic complications. Some laboratory features of CALR mutations in ET and PMF patients have been revealed