Comparative antioxidant effect of ascorbic acid and rosemary extract

The aim of the work was to study an effect of ascorbic acid and the extract of rosemary on fat oxidation, color characteristics, pH and moisture binding capacity of minced pork during cold storage. The antioxidants were introduced into minced pork in an amount of 0.05%. After addition of the antioxidant, minced meat was packed in the modified atmosphere with the high oxygen content and stored at a temperature of 4 ± 2 ºС for 15 days. The indicators of the hydrolytic (acid value) and oxidative (peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value) spoilage, color characteristics, pH and moisture binding capacity (MBC) were determined during the whole storage period (0, 5, 8, 12, 15 days). An increase in the acid value was recorded in all minced meat samples during storage without a significant difference between the control and experimental samples. Addition of the antioxidants led to a decrease in the peroxide value after 12 days of minced meat storage. Malonaldehyde began to accumulate in the control and the sample with ascorbic acid on the 8th day of storage and in the sample with the rosemary extract on the 12th day. The results obtained point to inhibition of fat oxidation in the minced meat samples with the antioxidants. Addition of the antioxidants facilitated an increase in redness compared to the control. Contrary to the rosemary extract, addition of ascorbic acid led to a decrease in pH and MBC of minced meat. Therefore, the use of the rosemary extract exerted more effective action of minced pork stability during storage compared to the same dose of ascorbic acid

Comparison of the proteomic profile of pork byproducts during their storage

In this article, the proteomic profiles of pork by-products (snout, tongue, liver, kidney, spleen) were studied by comparative method on the first day and the fifth day of their storage. Two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O’Farrell was used for the aims of this article, while the results were further processed in ImageMaster software. Proteomic maps of by-products showed clear changes in protein composition after visualization and images analysis. There was a decrease and increase in manifestation intensity of some proteins. The study of the obtained electrophoregrams with the help of references resources allowed identifying various compounds in the by-products. 9 protein fractions with various intensity of manifestation were found on the day 1st and 5th. On the 1st day the following substances were intensively manifested: in the liver — glutathione peroxidase 4 (22.3 kDa), LEAP-2 (8.8 kDa); in the kidneys — quinone oxidoreductase (34.9 kDa); in the spleen — glycoprotein CD59 (13.7 kDa), in the patch — protein flint (49.07 kDa). It is noted that these proteins play their role in stopping certain processes in cells, like oxidation, microbial activity, and accumulation of toxic substances. These processes can worsen the quality of raw materials, and further lead to spoilage of the food product. On the 5th day of storage the highest intensity of manifestation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) in the liver was observed; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa) was noted in the kidneys, colony-stimulating factor (16.2 kDa) was observed in the spleen and glutaredoxin –1 (11.8 kDa) in the tongue. In its turn, on the fifth day these chemical processes manifested themselves more intensely, as the fatty acids and glucose broke down. To obtain more accurate results, the proteins were compared by their volume. Among the identified fractions the highest expression was observed in LEAP 2 (8.8 kDa) on the first day, and in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) on the fifth day. The least change in the intensity of manifestation was noted for superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa), which volume increased during storage by 13% for 5 days. The analysis of the obtained electrophoregrams allowed identifying various compounds, tracing the changes in the qualitative composition of protein in by-products during various periods of their storage. The obtained data demonstrate the transformation of protein molecules during storage, which makes it possible to determine the changes and quality of the food products.In this article, the proteomic profiles of pork by-products (snout, tongue, liver, kidney, spleen) were studied by comparative method on the first day and the fifth day of their storage. Two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O’Farrell was used for the aims of this article, while the results were further processed in ImageMaster software. Proteomic maps of by-products showed clear changes in protein composition after visualization and images analysis. There was a decrease and increase in manifestation intensity of some proteins. The study of the obtained electrophoregrams with the help of references resources allowed identifying various compounds in the by-products. 9 protein fractions with various intensity of manifestation were found on the day 1st and 5th. On the 1st day the following substances were intensively manifested: in the liver — glutathione peroxidase 4 (22.3 kDa), LEAP-2 (8.8 kDa); in the kidneys — quinone oxidoreductase (34.9 kDa); in the spleen — glycoprotein CD59 (13.7 kDa), in the patch — protein flint (49.07 kDa). It is noted that these proteins play their role in stopping certain processes in cells, like oxidation, microbial activity, and accumulation of toxic substances. These processes can worsen the quality of raw materials, and further lead to spoilage of the food product. On the 5th day of storage the highest intensity of manifestation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) in the liver was observed; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa) was noted in the kidneys, colony-stimulating factor (16.2 kDa) was observed in the spleen and glutaredoxin –1 (11.8 kDa) in the tongue. In its turn, on the fifth day these chemical processes manifested themselves more intensely, as the fatty acids and glucose broke down. To obtain more accurate results, the proteins were compared by their volume. Among the identified fractions the highest expression was observed in LEAP 2 (8.8 kDa) on the first day, and in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) on the fifth day. The least change in the intensity of manifestation was noted for superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa), which volume increased during storage by 13% for 5 days. The analysis of the obtained electrophoregrams allowed identifying various compounds, tracing the changes in the qualitative composition of protein in by-products during various periods of their storage. The obtained data demonstrate the transformation of protein molecules during storage, which makes it possible to determine the changes and quality of the food products

Anomalies of Density, Stresses, and the Gravitational Field in the Interior of Mars

We determined the possible compensation depths for relief harmonics of different degrees and orders. The relief is shown to be completely compensated within the depth range of 0 to 1400 km. The lateral distributions of compensation masses are determined at these depths and the maps are constructed. The possible nonisostatic vertical stresses in the crust and mantle of Mars are estimated to be 64 MPa in compression and 20 MPa in tension. The relief anomalies of the Tharsis volcanic plateau and symmetric feature in the eastern hemisphere could have arisen and been maintained dynamically due to two plumes in the mantle substance that are enriched with fluids. The plumes that originate at the core of Mars can arise and be maintained by the anomalies of the inner gravitational field achieving +800 mGal in the region of plume formation, - 1200 mGal above the lower mantle-core transition layer, and -1400 mGal at the crust.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Factors influencingmicrobial transmission in a meat processing plant

The review paper examines the main risk factors for microbial contamination of meat at different stages of its processing. Particular emphasis has been placed on primary animal processing being the most hazardous in terms of microbial contamination of meat. Carcass cross-contamination most frequently occurs during skinning and evisceration since hides and the digestive tract are the primary sources of microbial pathogens. It is necessary to observe stringent sanitary and hygienic rules when performing these operations. Continuous cold chain management along all following stages of meat processing and control of the sanitary status of cold chambers during meat storage are of extreme importance. An increase in the microbial counts due to the high number of manual operations was observed during meat cutting, boning, and trimming. Subsequent stages of meat processing, including mincing, curing, the addition of spices, also promote significant microbial growth. Strict control regarding detection of dangerous pathogens, especially L. monocytogenes, is needed at this stage. In general, to minimize problems linked with meat and meat product safety, it is necessary to take timely measures on sanitary treatment of meat processing facilities, including the prevention of biofilm formation

Postslaughter state of muscle tissue of pigs depending on the duration of pre-slaughter fasting

Changes in the muscle tissue microstructure lead to changes in meat quality. One of the causes of the myopathy development is animal stress. Pigs experience the strongest stress during pre-slaughter holding. The study of the postmortem meat structure depending on fasting time is a topical task. The objects of the research were samples of m. L. dorsi obtained after slaughter from pigs that differed in fasting time: 4 (group 1), 8 (group 2), 10 (group 3), 16 (group 4) and 18 (group 5) hours (N = 20, n = 4). Investigation of the microstructure and morphometric measurements were carried out on preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Myopathic changes in muscle tissue were assessed using a semi-quantitative method developed earlier. All studied samples were characterized by the uniform condition of muscle tissue. Statistically significant differences between individual groups were observed regarding the number and area of giant fibers, sarcomere length, diameter of muscle fibers and proportion of muscle fibers, which diameter was lower or higher by 1/3 than the mean fiber diameter. An increase in the pre-slaughter holding time reduced the number and area of giant fibers (r = –0.8437 and –0.5796, respectively), as well as the diameter of “normal” fibers (r = –0.5337), which positively influenced pork quality. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were characterized by the presence of signs of moderate and pronounced myopathy. Only one carcass with pronounced myopathic signs was revealed in each of groups 4 and 5. In group 4, one carcass did not have signs of myopathy. Pre-slaughter holding during 4, 8 and 10 hours led to deterioration of pork quality. The recommended fasting time is 16 hours

Diagnostics and evaluation of biliary deposit at ultrasound investigation

National college of gastroenterologists, hepatologist

Comparison of the proteomic profile of pork byproducts during their storage

In this article, the proteomic profiles of pork by-products (snout, tongue, liver, kidney, spleen) were studied by comparative method on the first day and the fifth day of their storage. Two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O’Farrell was used for the aims of this article, while the results were further processed in ImageMaster software. Proteomic maps of by-products showed clear changes in protein composition after visualization and images analysis. There was a decrease and increase in manifestation intensity of some proteins. The study of the obtained electrophoregrams with the help of references resources allowed identifying various compounds in the by-products. 9 protein fractions with various intensity of manifestation were found on the day 1st and 5th. On the 1st day the following substances were intensively manifested: in the liver — glutathione peroxidase 4 (22.3 kDa), LEAP-2 (8.8 kDa); in the kidneys — quinone oxidoreductase (34.9 kDa); in the spleen — glycoprotein CD59 (13.7 kDa), in the patch — protein flint (49.07 kDa). It is noted that these proteins play their role in stopping certain processes in cells, like oxidation, microbial activity, and accumulation of toxic substances. These processes can worsen the quality of raw materials, and further lead to spoilage of the food product. On the 5th day of storage the highest intensity of manifestation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) in the liver was observed; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa) was noted in the kidneys, colony-stimulating factor (16.2 kDa) was observed in the spleen and glutaredoxin –1 (11.8 kDa) in the tongue. In its turn, on the fifth day these chemical processes manifested themselves more intensely, as the fatty acids and glucose broke down. To obtain more accurate results, the proteins were compared by their volume. Among the identified fractions the highest expression was observed in LEAP 2 (8.8 kDa) on the first day, and in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) on the fifth day. The least change in the intensity of manifestation was noted for superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa), which volume increased during storage by 13% for 5 days. The analysis of the obtained electrophoregrams allowed identifying various compounds, tracing the changes in the qualitative composition of protein in by-products during various periods of their storage. The obtained data demonstrate the transformation of protein molecules during storage, which makes it possible to determine the changes and quality of the food products

Влияние возраста на частоту и выраженность признаков метаболического синдрома у больных подагрой

Tsel' issledovaniya. Vyyavit' vozrastnye osobennosti metabolicheskogo sindroma (MS) u bol'nykh podagroy. Material i metody. V issledovanie vklyucheny 202 muzhchiny, stradayushchikh podagroy (kriterii S.L. Wallace). Laboratornye issledovaniya provodili posle kupirovaniya pristupa artrita. U vsekh bol'nykh otsenivali antropometricheskie pokazateli, syvorotochnye urovni mochevoy kisloty, pokazateli lipidnogo obmena. MS diagnostirovali na osnovanii rabochikh kriteriev ekspertov Natsional'nogo instituta zdorov'ya SShA (ATR III). Insulinorezistentnost' (IR) otsenivali s pomoshch'yu indeksa NOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Bol'nye byli raspredeleny na gruppy (<40 let, 40-49 let, 50-59let i ≥60 let). Rezul'taty issledovaniya. MS diagnostirovan u 67,8% bol'nykh podagroy. Chastota vyyavleniya MS v gruppakh byla sopostavimoy (65% - u bol'nykh <40 let, 70% - u bol'nykh 40-49 let, 64% - u bol'nykh 50-59 let i 73% - u bol'nykh ≥60 let). Vyyavlena pryamaya korrelyatsiya vozrasta s SAD (R=0,24, p=0,0009), DAD (R=0,32, p<0,0001), syvorotochnym urovnem glyukozy (R=0,22, p=0,0083) i obratnaya korrelyatsiya vozrasta s massoy tela (R= -0,28, p=0,0007) i syvorotochnym urovnem triglitseridov (R= -0,20, p=0,0083). Zaklyuchenie. Chastota vyyavleniya u bol'nykh podagroy MS i IR ne zavisit ot vozrasta. Polucheny dannye, svidetel'stvuyushchie o nalichii vozrastnykh osobennostey MS u bol'nykh podagroy: u molodykh bol'nykh nablyudaetsya bol'shaya vyrazhennost' ozhireniya i gipertriglitseridemii, u pozhilykh narastaet chastota arterial'noy gipertenzii i giperglikemii.Цель исследования. Выявить возрастные особенности метаболического синдрома (МС) у больных подагрой. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 202 мужчины, страдающих подагрой (критерии S.L. Wallace). Лабораторные исследования проводили после купирования приступа артрита. У всех больных оценивали антропометрические показатели, сывороточные уровни мочевой кислоты, показатели липидного обмена. МС диагностировали на основании рабочих критериев экспертов Национального института здоровья США (АТР III). Инсулинорезистентность (ИР) оценивали с помощью индекса НОМА (Homeostasis Model Assessment). Больные были распределены на группы (<40 лет, 40-49 лет, 50-59лет и ≥60 лет). Результаты исследования. МС диагностирован у 67,8% больных подагрой. Частота выявления МС в группах была сопоставимой (65% - у больных <40 лет, 70% - у больных 40-49 лет, 64% - у больных 50-59 лет и 73% - у больных ≥60 лет). Выявлена прямая корреляция возраста с САД (R=0,24, p=0,0009), ДАД (R=0,32, p<0,0001), сывороточным уровнем глюкозы (R=0,22, p=0,0083) и обратная корреляция возраста с массой тела (R= -0,28, p=0,0007) и сывороточным уровнем триглицеридов (R= -0,20, p=0,0083). Заключение. Частота выявления у больных подагрой МС и ИР не зависит от возраста. Получены данные, свидетельствующие о наличии возрастных особенностей МС у больных подагрой: у молодых больных наблюдается большая выраженность ожирения и гипертриглицеридемии, у пожилых нарастает частота артериальной гипертензии и гипергликемии

Алкоголь и клиническая картина у больных подагрой

Tsel' issledovaniya. Izuchenie vliyaniya alkogolya na klinicheskie proyavleniya u bol'nykh podagricheskim artritom. Material i metody. V issledovanie vklyucheny 280 muzhchin, bol'nykh podagroy (kriterii S.L. Wallace). Dlya vyyavleniya skrytoy tyagi k alkogolyu ispol'zovalsya voprosnik CAGE, putem oprosa vyyavlyalos' kolichestvo prinimaemogo alkogolya v nedelyu. U vsekh bol'nykh otsenivali antropometricheskie pokazateli, syvorotochnye urovni pechenochnykh fermentov, bilirubina, kreatinina, mochevoy kisloty, mocheviny, lipidnogo obmena, klinicheskiy analiz krovi, kontsentratsiyu SRB. Rasschityvali 10-letniy total'nyy risk (v %) razvitiya koronarnykh bolezney serdtsa, infarkta miokarda i kardiovaskulyarnoy smerti. Rezul'taty issledovaniya. Otmechena obratnaya svyaz' mezhdu kolichestvom upotreblyaemogo alkogolya i vozrastom nachala bolezni (r=-0,19, p<0,001), a takzhe vozrastom bol'nogo (r=-0,19, p<0,001), mezhdu u -GTP i indeksom massy tela (r=0,11, p<0,05), syvorotochnym urovnem mochevoy kisloty (r=0,12, p<0,03), SOE (r=0,16, p<0,01) i SRB (r=0,16, p<0,01). U CAGE- pozitivnykh bol'nykh na moment osmotra dostoverno chashche otmechalis' vospalenie sustavov (p<0,05) i khronicheskiy artrit (p<0,01). Zaklyuchenie. Vyyavlena zavisimost' mezhdu vozrastom debyuta podagry i kolichestvom prinimaemogo alkogolya. Uchityvaya, chto molodye bol'nye prinimali bol'shee kolichestvo alkogolya, pryamoy svyazi mezhdu priemom alkogolya i kardiovaskulyarnym riskom ne otmechalos'. Odnako svyaz' mezhdu priemom alkogolya i vyrazhennost'yu vistseral'nogo ozhireniya, podagricheskogo vospaleniya, urovnem mochevoy kisloty mozhet govorit' o kosvennom povyshenii u nikh kardiovaskulyarnogo riska.Цель исследования. Изучение влияния алкоголя на клинические проявления у больных подагрическим артритом. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 280 мужчин, больных подагрой (критерии S.L. Wallace). Для выявления скрытой тяги к алкоголю использовался вопросник CAGE, путем опроса выявлялось количество принимаемого алкоголя в неделю. У всех больных оценивали антропометрические показатели, сывороточные уровни печеночных ферментов, билирубина, креатинина, мочевой кислоты, мочевины, липидного обмена, клинический анализ крови, концентрацию СРБ. Рассчитывали 10-летний тотальный риск (в %) развития коронарных болезней сердца, инфаркта миокарда и кардиоваскулярной смерти. Результаты исследования. Отмечена обратная связь между количеством употребляемого алкоголя и возрастом начала болезни (r=-0,19, p<0,001), а также возрастом больного (r=-0,19, p<0,001), между у -ГТП и индексом массы тела (r=0,11, p<0,05), сывороточным уровнем мочевой кислоты (r=0,12, p<0,03), СОЭ (r=0,16, p<0,01) и СРБ (r=0,16, p<0,01). У CAGE- позитивных больных на момент осмотра достоверно чаще отмечались воспаление суставов (p<0,05) и хронический артрит (p<0,01). Заключение. Выявлена зависимость между возрастом дебюта подагры и количеством принимаемого алкоголя. Учитывая, что молодые больные принимали большее количество алкоголя, прямой связи между приемом алкоголя и кардиоваскулярным риском не отмечалось. Однако связь между приемом алкоголя и выраженностью висцерального ожирения, подагрического воспаления, уровнем мочевой кислоты может говорить о косвенном повышении у них кардиоваскулярного риска