Challenges and risks in the process of Russia’s post-pandemic economic recovery

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has had a negative impact on economies around the world. The article analyses the macroeconomic indicators characterising the Russian economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this action on Russia’s global indicators have been compared with those of some countries in the world. The objectives and activities of the “National Action Plan for Employment and Income Recovery, Economic Growth and Long-Term Structural Changes in the Economy” (hereinafter the “National Action Plan”) have been considered. This document sets out the country’s development over the next two years and measures to recover the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Government of the Russian Federation is allocating 5 trillion roubles for the implementation of the “National Action Plan”. Meanwhile, the main objective is to ensure a sustainable economic development and income growth path within two years. The indicators of the main goal to be achieved by the end of 2021 are: sustainable growth of the personal income; reduction of unemployment to 5%; growth of the gross domestic product by 2.5% per annum. In conclusion, the challenges and risks in implementing the “National Action Plan” have been formulated

Digitalization of business increases the costs of information security

The reasons for the increase in the cost of ensuring information security, in connection with the increase in the level of development of the digital economy have been revealed. One of the main reasons is the ever-increasing amount of information that needs to be stored and analysed. According to IDC forecasts, by 2025 the volume of data worldwide will increase by 10 times compared to 2017. The average costs of restoring companies ‘ activities related to cybercrimes have been given. The costs of information security are formed under the influence of many factors, the most important of which are cyber threats. The content of cyber threats on the example of industrial enterprises has been considered.The number of cyber threats is constantly growing in the world, their complexity and diversity increase depending on the object of the attack, goals and objectives. The most common types of cyber attacks in the world has been considered in the article, the mechanism of their implementation, their source and the scale of damage they cause, have been described.In connection with the transition to a digital economy, the number of cyber threats is constantly growing. In 2018, 4.3 billion computer impacts on critical infrastructure were identified in Russia (2.4 billion in 2017). Of these, more than 17 thousand are the most dangerous computer attacks. Bot networks of 30 thousand computers in 86 countries were used for these purposes. The average costs of medium-sized companies to eliminate the consequences of only one cyber incident in Russia are about 1.6 million rubles, and for large businesses - 16.1 million rubles.The recommendations to companies to consider the cost of information security as a strategic investment, ensuring the continuity of their business processes, which create advantages in an era of rapidly developing cyber threats, have been substantiated in the article. For the purposes of selecting and analysing the sources of costs of companies to provide information security, it has been proposed to classify them into 9 categories. The results of the analysis will allow companies to determine the main directions of priority financing of measures to reduce the level of losses from information security incidents and to form reasonably information security budgets

Management of calls and threats in digital economy of Russia

Development of digital economy of Russia is influenced by regularly arising calls and threats. The sphere of their emergence extensive and difficult predicted. The reasons of their emergence are connected with prob-lems of development of digital economy. In article the calls and threats arising on the way of development of digital economy which can rather conditionally be united in two groups are considered: the first group - organi-zational, technical and technological and the second group - information security. Similar division of the arising calls and threats promotes definition and the choice of forms and methods of fight against each of them. In article development barriers which often are a subject of calls and threats are considered and generalized. The first barrier - unavailability of the enterprises and organizations to be engaged in development of production and representation of services with use of network technologies. The second barrier is the lack of the qualified IT experts. The third barrier - ensuring cyber security. The fourth - threat of mass unemployment owing to introduction and development of IT technologies. Further the threats and calls connected with overcoming the fourth barrier, concerning perspective changes of labor market, the increasing role and influence of robotics are in more detail considered. Besides, increase of changes upon completion of which, by different estimates, tech-nologies of the Industry 4.0 will lead about 610 000 jobs to reduction is noted begun in the industry, under the influence of technological shift, but during the same period can also about 960 000 new vacancies will appear. A number of risks which are born in itself by «digitalization» and which are connected with possible loss of national originality, culture and language are considered. In article measures which, as a result of their application will allow to operate the arising technological hazards are brought and recommended and to increase the general scientific and technological level. Management of the arising calls and threats is a component of management of development of digital economy, but there are some features connected with uncertainty of their emergence both on time and in the direction and in the place. But it doesn’t exclude a possibility of risk management and threats according to the scheme of manage-ment of development of digital economy of an objec

Coronavirus pandemic: yesterday, today, tomorrow of the Russian economy

The article analyzes the economic results of the crisis year 2020, identifies the factors that had a negative impact on the results of the year, examines the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, determines the impact of various industries on GDP. The results of the analysis of citizens’ incomes for 2020, the dynamics of changes in the number of unemployed and the number of Russian citizens with incomes below the established subsistence level are presented. Restrictive measures related to the pandemic and the results of their effect on the socio-economic development of Russia and some foreign countries are considered, the main anti-crisis measures are listed. The content and objectives of the “National Action Plan”, which is aimed at restoring the Russian economy, are briefly formulated. In conclusion, the main challenges and risks in the implementation of the “National Action Plan” are formulated, which provides both an increase in employment, an increase in citizens’ incomes, the restoration of economic growth and a fundamental changes in the structure of the economy

Цитогенетические изменения Т-лимфоцитов у шахтеров

Objective: to study the impact of chromium levels on cytogenetic impairments in T lymphocytes in miners from the south of Kuzbass.Subjects and methods. Peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured, as described by P. S. Moorhead (1960), by using the cytogenetic assay of the obtained specimens. Analysis of chromosomes considered changes in the number of chromosomes (hyper-, hypo-, or polyploid sets of chromosomes) and their structural derangement. Ninety-three miners from Novokuznetsk and Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo Region) were examined. According to the length of underground service, the miners were divided into 2 groups: 1) 32 miners with a service length of 1—5 years; 2) 31 with a service length of 10—15 years. A control group included 30 employees from the mine maintenance departments. The mean age of the miners was 38.6±3.4 years. Previous coal chemical analysis in a number of mines revealed significant concentrations of chromium compounds (as high as 298 mg/kg in the clarke of 83 mg/kg). Lymphocytic chromium was quantified by the atomic emission method using inductively bound plasma. The statistically data were processed using a package of Statistica 5.01 computer programs.Results. Cytogenetic study and measurement of peripheral blood chromium were made in miners with a various underground service length. They were found to have elevated peripheral blood T lymphocytes with cytogenetic disorders, which correlated with the increased blood chromium levels.Conclusion. Thus, the miners with an underground service length of 10—15 years were ascertained to have high blood chromium levels, which was accompanied by increases in the count of both cells with chromosomal structural aberrations and those with poly- and hyperploidy. Цель исследования . Изучить влияние уровня содержания хрома на цитогенетические нарушения Т-лимфоцитов у шахтеров юга Кузбасса.Материалы и методы. Проводилось культивирование лейкоцитов периферической крови шахтеров, методом P. S. Moorhead (1960), с использованием цитогенетического анализа полученных препаратов. При анализе хромосом учитывали изменения в числе хромосом (гипер-, гипо- и полиплоидный набор хромосом) и структурные нарушения хромосом. Обследовано 93 шахтеров городов Новокузнецка и Междуреченска Кемеровской области. В зависимости от стажа подземной работы горняков разделили на 2 группы: со стажем работы 1—5 лет (n=32 человека) и 10—15 лет (n=31 человек). Контрольную группу составили 30 сотрудников административно-хозяйственного аппарата шахт. В среднем возраст шахтеров составил 38,6±3,4 года. Ранее, проведенный химический анализ угля ряда шахт, выявил значительные концентрации соединения хрома (до 298 мг/кг при кларке в земной коре 83 мг/кг). Проведено количественное определение хрома в лимфоцитах методом атомно-эмиссионным с индуктивно-связанной плазмой. Статистические данные обрабатывали с использованием пакета компьютерных программ «Statistica» 5,01.Результаты. Проведено цитогенетическое обследование и определение уровня хрома в периферической крови у шахтеров с различным стажем подземной работы. Показано наличие у шахтеров повышенного числа Т-лимфоцитов периферической крови с цитогенетическими нарушениями, что коррелировало с увеличением содержания в крови хрома.Заключение. Таким образом, в результате проведенных исследований было выявлено, что у шахтеров со стажем подземной работы 10—15 лет отмечено высокое содержание хрома в крови, которое сопровождалось не только увеличением числа клеток со структурными аберрациями хромосом, но и клеток с поли- и гиперплоидией.

Cytogenetic Changes in T Lymphocytes in Miners

Objective: to study the impact of chromium levels on cytogenetic impairments in T lymphocytes in miners from the south of Kuzbass.Subjects and methods. Peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured, as described by P. S. Moorhead (1960), by using the cytogenetic assay of the obtained specimens. Analysis of chromosomes considered changes in the number of chromosomes (hyper-, hypo-, or polyploid sets of chromosomes) and their structural derangement. Ninety-three miners from Novokuznetsk and Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo Region) were examined. According to the length of underground service, the miners were divided into 2 groups: 1) 32 miners with a service length of 1—5 years; 2) 31 with a service length of 10—15 years. A control group included 30 employees from the mine maintenance departments. The mean age of the miners was 38.6±3.4 years. Previous coal chemical analysis in a number of mines revealed significant concentrations of chromium compounds (as high as 298 mg/kg in the clarke of 83 mg/kg). Lymphocytic chromium was quantified by the atomic emission method using inductively bound plasma. The statistically data were processed using a package of Statistica 5.01 computer programs.Results. Cytogenetic study and measurement of peripheral blood chromium were made in miners with a various underground service length. They were found to have elevated peripheral blood T lymphocytes with cytogenetic disorders, which correlated with the increased blood chromium levels.Conclusion. Thus, the miners with an underground service length of 10—15 years were ascertained to have high blood chromium levels, which was accompanied by increases in the count of both cells with chromosomal structural aberrations and those with poly- and hyperploidy

The first Russian experience in successfully using an implantable СardioWest TAH-t artificial heart system (SynCardia)

The paper describes the first Russian experience in using an implantable CardioWest TAH-t artificial heart (AH) system (SynCardia, USA) to treat critical heart failure. The AH system was implanted in a 60-year-old female patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, a limited probability of survival, and unoperated defects. The main medical and technical characteristics of the AH system and the patient’s clinical status in the preoperative and immediate and late (up to 238 days) postoperative periods are presented. Indications for and contraindication to implantation of the system and its possible application modes are considered. Equipment and a procedure for AH implantation, approaches to postoperative management, and treatment policy for postoperative complications are described in detail. The application of the AH system permitted the patient to wait for a donor heart. The latter was successfully transplanted in the patient