51,384 research outputs found
Parametric Evolution for a Deformed Cavity
We consider a classically chaotic system that is described by a Hamiltonian
H(Q,P;x), where (Q,P) describes a particle moving inside a cavity, and x
controls a deformation of the boundary. The quantum-eigenstates of the system
are |n(x)>. We describe how the parametric kernel P(n|m) = , also
known as the local density of states, evolves as a function of x-x0. We
illuminate the non-unitary nature of this parametric evolution, the emergence
of non-perturbative features, the final non-universal saturation, and the
limitations of random-wave considerations. The parametric evolution is
demonstrated numerically for two distinct representative deformation processes.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, improved introduction, to be published in Phys.
Rev.
Why do women deliver where they had not planned to go? A qualitative study from peri-urban Nairobi Kenya.
BACKGROUND: In urban Kenya, couples face a wide variety of choices for delivery options; however, many women end up delivering in different facilities from those they had intended while pregnant. One potential consequence of this is delivering in facilities that do not meet minimum quality standards and lack the capacity to provide treatment for obstetric and neonatal complications.
METHODS: This study investigated why women in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya deliver in facilities they had not intended to use. We used 60 in-depth audio-recorded interviews in which mothers shared their experiences 2-6 months after delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Qualitative data were analyzed in three steps i) exploration and generation of initial codes; ii) searching for themes by gathering coded data that addressed specific themes; and iii) defining and naming identified themes. Verbatim excerpts from participants were provided to illustrate study findings. The Health Belief Model was used to shed light on individual-level drivers of delivery location choice.
RESULTS: Findings show a confluence of factors that predispose mothers to delivering in unintended facilities. At the individual level, precipitate labor, financial limitations, onset of pain, complications, changes in birth plans, undisclosed birth plans, travel during pregnancy, fear of health facility providers, misconception of onset of labor, wrong estimate of delivery date, and onset of labor at night, contributed to delivery at unplanned locations. On the supply side, the sudden referral to other facilities, poor services, wrong projection of delivery date, and long distance to chosen delivery facility, were factors in changes in delivery location. Lack of transport discouraged delivery at a chosen health facility. Social influences included others\u27 perspectives on delivery location and lack of aides/escorts.
CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest that manifold factors contribute to the occurrence of women delivering in facilities that they had not intended during pregnancy. Future studies should consider whether these changes in delivery location late in pregnancy contribute to late facility arrival and the use of lower quality facilities. Deliberate counseling during antenatal care regarding birth plans is likely to encourage timely arrival at facilities consistent with women\u27s preferences
Doubly heavy hadrons and the domain of validity of doubly heavy diquark--anti-quark symmetry
In the limit of heavy quark masses going to infinity, a symmetry is known to
emerge in QCD relating properties of hadrons with two heavy quarks to analogous
states with one heavy anti-quark. A key question is whether the charm mass is
heavy enough so that this symmetry is manifest in at least an approximate
manner. The issue is crucial in attempting to understand the recent reports by
the SELEX Collaboration of doubly charmed baryons. We argue on very general
grounds that the charm quark mass is substantially too light for the symmetry
to emerge automatically via colour coulombic interactions. However, the
symmetry could emerge approximately depending on the dynamical details.Comment: 9 page
Quantum pumping: The charge transported due to a translation of a scatterer
The amount of charge which is pushed by a moving scatterer is ,
where is the displacement of the scatterer. The question is what is .
Does it depend on the transmission of the scatterer? Does the answer
depend on whether the system is open (with leads attached to reservoirs) or
closed? In the latter case: what are the implications of having ``quantum
chaos" and/or coupling to to the environment? The answers to these questions
illuminate some fundamental aspects of the theory of quantum pumping. For the
analysis we take a network (graph) as a model system, and use the Kubo formula
approach.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, to be published in PRE (Rapid
Diffractive energy spreading and its semiclassical limit
We consider driven systems where the driving induces jumps in energy space:
(1) particles pulsed by a step potential; (2) particles in a box with a moving
wall; (3) particles in a ring driven by an electro-motive-force. In all these
cases the route towards quantum-classical correspondence is highly non-trivial.
Some insight is gained by observing that the dynamics in energy space, where
is the level index, is essentially the same as that of Bloch electrons in a
tight binding model, where is the site index. The mean level spacing is
like a constant electric field and the driving induces long range hopping
1/(n-m).Comment: 19 pages, 11 figs, published version with some improved figure
Quantum Stirring in low dimensional devices
A circulating current can be induced in the Fermi sea by displacing a
scatterer, or more generally by integrating a quantum pump into a closed
circuit. The induced current may have either the same or the opposite sense
with respect to the "pushing" direction of the pump. We work out explicit
expressions for the associated geometric conductance using the Kubo-Dirac
monopoles picture, and illuminate the connection with the theory of adiabatic
passage in multiple path geometry.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, improved versio
Controlled quantum stirring of Bose-Einstein condensates
By cyclic adiabatic change of two control parameters of an optical trap one
can induce a circulating current of condensed bosons. The amount of particles
that are transported per period depends on the "radius" of the cycle, and this
dependence can be utilized in order to probe the interatomic interactions. For
strong repulsive interaction the current can be regarded as arising from a
sequence of Landau-Zener crossings. For weaker interaction one observes either
gradual or coherent mega crossings, while for attractive interaction the
particles are glued together and behave like a classical ball. For the analysis
we use the Kubo approach to quantum pumping with the associated Dirac monopoles
picture of parameter space.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Breakdown of the static picture of defect energetics in halide perovskites: the case of the Br vacancy in CsPbBr3
We consider the Br vacancy in CsPbBr3 as a prototype for the impact of
structural dynamics on defect energetics in halide perovskites (HaPs). Using
first-principles molecular dynamics based on density functional theory, we find
that the static picture of defect energetics breaks down; the energy of the Br
vacancy level is found to be intrinsically dynamic, oscillating by as much as 1
eV on the ps time scale at room temperature. These significant energy
fluctuations are correlated with the distance between the neighboring Pb atoms
across the vacancy and with the electrostatic potential at these Pb atomic
sites. We expect this unusually strong coupling of structural dynamics and
defect energetics to bear important implications for both experimental and
theoretical analysis of defect characteristics in HaPs. It may also hold
significant ramifications for carrier transport and defect tolerance in this
class of photovoltaic materials.Comment: 5 figures, 1 tabl
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