Numerical thermal study on performance of hybrid nano-Williamson fluid with memory effects using novel heat flux model

Conservation laws, non-classical heat and mass flux models, and correlations for thermos-physical properties of hybrid nanostructures and fluid are used for the formulation of problems. The numerical solutions for modeled flow problems (PDEs with suitable boundary conditions) are computed using the finite element method (FEM). These numerical solutions are used in simulations under variation of various types of parameters obtained as a result of dimensional analysis. The role of simultaneous dispersion of MoS2 and SiO2 as hybrid nanoparticles on the thermal performance of Williamson fluid and transport of species in Williamson fluid are investigated. A significant rise in the effectiveness of thermal conductivity of Williamson is observed due to the dispersion of hybrid nanostructures. It is also noted that the effectiveness of thermal conductivity due to hybrid nano-structures is higher than the effectiveness of thermal conductivity due to nano-structures. A remarkable drag on the flow of fluid due to the presence of porous medium is observed. Further, Forchheirmer porous medium offers more resistance to flow than the resistance by Darcy's porous medium. A significant decrease in temperature and concentration fields against relaxation parameters is observed. Consequently, a decline in thermal and concentration thickness is noted

Economic Exploitation of Housemaids: Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

This study has two-fold purposes; first is to explore the partner violence on housemaids and second is their economic exploitation by their partner and at the workplace. Through analysis of interviews of the housemaid, it is explored that unemployment, drug addiction, ignorance of basic rights, poverty, illiteracy, financial crises are the main reasons of physical, psychological and sexual violence by the partner on housemaids. The economic exploitation of housemaids is due to the male-dominated society, gender discrimination and not predefined policy and rules about the wage rate in Pakistan. There is a need to per hour wage rate, proper reporting system against violence and empowerment of women in the society for the protection of their rights

Impact of suction with nanoparticles aggregation and joule heating on unsteady MHD stagnation point flow of nanofluids over horizontal cylinder

Significance of study: Nanofluids with aggregation effects mediated by nanoparticles, like geothermal panels and crossflow heat exchangers, ignite new industrial interests. Polymer and conversion processes have transport phenomena in the stagnation zone that must be continuously improved to raise the process quality standard. Aim of study: Hence, the current computational study examines a TiO2−C2H6O2 nanofluid's unsteady stagnation-point flow performance via a shrinking horizontal cylinder. In addition, the effects of a magnetic field, joule-heating viscous dissipation, nanoparticles aggregation and mass suction on the boundary layer flow are reflected. Method: ology: The RK-IV with shooting method is applied to resolve the simplified mathematical model numerically in computing software MATHEMATICA. In certain circumstances, comparing the current and prior findings indicates good agreement with a relative error of around 0%. Findings: The implementation of a heat transfer operation may be improved by increasing suction settings. Unsteadiness, nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic, curvature, and Eckert number (implies the operating Joule heating and viscous dissipation) all influence heat transfer rate. The velocity and temperature profiles both increase as the unsteadiness, magnetic field, and nanoparticle volume fraction parameters increase, whereas the curvature and suction parameters show the opposite behavior. When the values of the suction parameters were changed from 2.0 to 2.5 with φ = 0.01, the heat transfer rates rose by 4.751%. A comparison shows that the model with aggregation has a better velocity profile, while the model without aggregation has a better temperature profile

KULLBACK-LEIBER DIVERGENCE MEASURE IN CORRELATION OF GRAY-SCALE OBJECTS

Kullback-Leiber divergence measure is one of the commonly used distance measure that is used for computing the dissimilarity score between histograms. In this paper we show that it produces biased results when correlation is computed between gray scale images or sections of images using their histograms. The biased is explored and demonstrated through numerous experiments with different sizes of objects and different kind of movements between the pairs of images i.e., slow moving, fast moving, rotating bodies etc, in cluttered and less cluttered environments. The performance of the Kullback-Leiber divergence measure is compared with a pixel based spatial matching criterion