22 research outputs found
Piezoresistive cantilevers utilized for scanning tunneling and scanning force microscope in ultrahigh vacuum
Piezoresistive cantilevers have been utilized in a novel ultrahigh vacuum scanning probe microscope which allows in situscanning tunneling microscopy(STM), contact atomic force microscopy(AFM), and noncontact atomic force microscopy. The instrument uses interchangeable tungsten tips (for STM imaging) and piezoresistive cantilevers (for AFM or STM imaging) and is capable of atomic resolution in both STM and AFM modes of operation. In situ tip exchange under vacuum conditions is performed quickly and reliably using a high precision rotary/linear feedthrough and a tip/cantilever storage system.Piezoresistive force鈥恠ensing cantilevers provide a new detection scheme for AFM, using an all鈥恊lectronic detector that requires no alignment or optical detectionsystem. The microscope features a high鈥恟esolution, dual鈥恆xis, inertial鈥恉rive translation stage with an open access sample mount designed to optimize vibration isolation
Characteristics and distribution of analyzed metals in soil profiles in the vicinity of a postflotation waste site in the Bukowno region, Poland
Soil-making aspects in the evaluation of artificial formations; focus on the wastes formed after the flotation of zinc and lead ores
W artykule przedstawiono i om贸wiono w艂a艣ciwo艣ci odpad贸w poflotacyjnych rud cynku i o艂owiu, istotne z punktu widzenia rekultywacji biologicznej. W艣r贸d w艂a艣ciwo艣ci fizycznych zwr贸cono szczeg贸ln膮 uwag臋 na sk艂ad ziarnowy i mo偶liwo艣ci retencji wody oraz zdolno艣ci sorpcyjne. Spo艣r贸d cech chemicznych przedstawiono odczyn i zasobno艣膰 w podstawowe sk艂adniki pokarmowe (Mg, P, K) w formach przyswajalnych dla ro艣lin. Zestawiono te偶 zawarto艣ci Ca, Mg oraz Cu, Zn, Pb i Cd w formach rozpuszczalnych w wodzie i HClO4. Na podstawie analizy tych zestawie艅, wynik贸w obserwacji osadnik贸w poflotacyjnych ZGH "Boles艂aw" i ZG "Trzebionka" oraz prowadzonych na nich prac z zakresu obudowy biologicznej sformu艂owano wnioski dotycz膮ce przydatno艣ci odpad贸w jako pod艂o偶a wzrostu ro艣lin oraz mo偶liwo艣ci poprawy cech pod wp艂ywem zainicjowanych proces贸w glebotw贸rczych. Wyniki pracy mog膮 by膰 uwzgl臋dnione przy podejmowaniu dzia艂a艅 rekultywacyjnych i naprawczych w podobnych obiektach.The paper presents properties of post-flotation wastes, originating from the mining of zinc and lead ores. These properties are important in terms of biological reclamation. Among physical properties - particular attention was paid on the granulation, the possibilities of water retention and sorption properties. Among chemical properties - pH and the content of basic nutrients (Mg, P, K) in the forms easy to assimilate - were emphasized. Also the contents of Ca, Mg and Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd in water-soluble and HClO4 - soluble forms were given. Based on the analysis of these results, the results of Mining Enterprise Trzebionka as well as carried out work connected with biological reclamation, the conclusions were made, referring to the usefulness of post-flotation wastes as the ingredient of soil for the growth of plants and the possibilities of the improvement of their properties in terms of the initiation of soil-making processes. The results of the studies can be taken into account during reclamation and remediation measures in similar objects
Local variability in the content of heavy metals in soils in the region of Olkusz
W pracy om贸wiono wyniki bada艅 gleb pola badawczego zlokalizowanego w rejonie olkuskim. Z pola o wymiarach 50 x 50 m pobrano pr贸bki gleb z warstwy 0--20 cm w odst臋pach 10-metrowych jako pr贸by pojedyncze, a poza tym pobrano pr贸b臋 艣redni膮 z 30 nak艂u膰. Wykonano te偶 5 odkrywek, z kt贸rych pobrano pr贸bki z warstw o mi膮偶szo艣ci 5 cm do g艂臋boko艣ci 20 cm i 10 cm do g艂臋boko艣ci 80 cm. Okre艣lono ich podstawowe w艂a艣ciwo艣ci fizyczne (sk艂ad ziarnowy, g臋sto艣膰 obj臋to艣ciow膮) i chemiczne (pH w H2O i KCl, PEW, zawarto艣膰 CaCO3, straty pra偶enia), a tak偶e zawarto艣膰 metali ci臋偶kich. Wyniki przeanalizowano pod k膮tem zmienno艣ci powierzchniowej, a tak偶e wp艂ywu wyst臋puj膮cych w pod艂o偶u dolomit贸w kruszcono艣nych na rozmieszczenie metali ci臋偶kich na r贸偶nych g艂臋boko艣ciach w profilach glebowych. Stwierdzono, 偶e gleby zawieraj膮 w warstwie powierzchniowej znaczne ilo艣ci Zn, Pb i Cd, kt贸rych ilo艣ci zmniejszaj膮 si臋 wraz z g艂臋boko艣ci膮, lecz ponownie wzrastaj膮 w poziomach z domieszk膮 gliniastej zwietrzeliny dolomit贸w. Sformu艂owano te偶 uwagi dotycz膮ce definicji zanieczyszczenia gleb i standard贸w jako艣ci gleb.In the paper the results of the survey on soils were presented The soil samples were located in a study field in the Olkusz region. Single samples were taken from the fields 50 x 50 m, layer 0-20 cm in distances of 10 meters. Apart from this a mean sample of 30 small samples was taken. There were also 5 excavations made from the layers of 5 cm thickness, up to 20 cm depth and 10 cm up to 80 cm depth. Their basic physical properties were defined (grain composition, volume density) as well as chemical properties (pH in H2O and KCl, PEW, content of CaCO3, losses at roasting) and the content of heavy metals. The results were analysed in terms of surface variability and the influence of ore-bearing dolomites on the distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles of different depth. It was found that, in the surface layers, the soils contained significant quantities of Zn, Pb and Cd. These quantities diminish with depth, but increase again in the levels with the addition of clay-like weathered dolomites. The comments on the definition of soil pollution and standards of soil quality were also made
Ocena jako艣ci rekultywowanych grunt贸w zwa艂owisk kopal艅 odkrywkowych, na przyk艂adzie zwa艂owiska kopalni Piaseczno
The present paper aims to perform a detailed analysis of all available results of physical and chemical testing of recultivated land, in order to determine which of them significantly influence their quality, and should thereby form the basic criteria for the evaluation and for the development of the methods of management of lands subject to recultivation. The samples of soil from Piaseczno dump area were tested. The test results have allowed to state that the method proposed by Gruszczy艅ski, based on the physical properties of soil, with special respect to the water and air properties and sorption abilities, allows to properly evaluate the quality of such soil. The method allows also to take account of changes in soil quality, occurring as a result of the soil-creation process initiated by the recultivation.Celem niniejszego opracowania by艂o przeprowadzenie szczeg贸艂owej analizy wszystkich dost臋pnych wynik贸w bada艅 w艂a艣ciwo艣ci fizycznych i chemicznych grunt贸w rekultywowanych w celu ustalenia, kt贸re z nich maj膮 istotny wp艂yw na ich jako艣膰 i tym samym powinny stanowi膰 podstawowe kryteria oceny przy opracowaniu metodyki gospodarowania utworami podlegaj膮cymi rekultywacji. Badania przeprowadzono na pr贸bach grunt贸w ze zwa艂owiska Piaseczno. Wyniki bada艅 pozwoli艂y na stwierdzenie, 偶e zaproponowana przez Gruszczy艅skiego metoda, bazuj膮ca na w艂a艣ciwo艣ciach fizycznych grunt贸w, ze szczeg贸lnym uwzgl臋dnieniem w艂a艣ciwo艣ci powietrzno--wodnych oraz zdolno艣ci sorpcyjnych, umo偶liwia prawid艂ow膮 ocen臋 jako艣ci grunt贸w. Daje ona tak偶e mo偶liwo艣膰 uwzgl臋dnienia zmian jako艣ci grunt贸w, zachodz膮cych pod wp艂ywem procesu glebotw贸rczego zainicjowanego w wyniku rekultywacji