7 research outputs found
Organic template free synthesis of ZSM11 from kaolinite clay
Synthesis of zeolitic materials from mineral ores, encounter serious challenges due to the presence of inherent impurities with the tendencies of inhibiting formation of desired products. Structure directing agent (SDA) though helps to mitigate this effect, but impact negatively on the environment. Zeolite ZSM11 is a promising catalyst that finds application in area not limited to benzene alkylation, gasoline formation from methanol, conversion of low density polyethene into hydrocarbon, etc. Accordingly, this work present successful synthesis of zeolite ZSM11 from kaolinite clay, seeded with NaY type zeolite and aged for 3-11 days, in an organic template free condition. The used kaolinite clays were sourced from two different mines in Nigeria, namely; Kankara and Onibode. They were both subjected to beneficiation, calcinations, dealumination and the gels formed, had molar composition of 9Na2OX30SiO2XAl2O3X225H2O. The raw, intermediate and final products were fully characterized using XRD, XRF, BET and SEM/EDX. The prominent XRD peaks for ZSM11 were noticed for Kankara based sample aged for 11 days with seeding/dealuminatedmetakaolin ratio of 0.2wt% having increased crystallinity and purity as crystallization time increases. Seeding/metakaolin ratios of 0.1, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.3 wt% led to formation of composite material, excluding ZSM11. The morphological analysis gave the shape attributed to ZSM11 and the specific surface area was determined to be 412 and 450m2/g, for Kankara and Onibode based products, respectively.Keywords— seeding, Kankara, Onibode, ZSM11, organic template free, dealuminatio
Identification of the regime boundaries in bubble columns based on the degree of randomness in the signals †
Liquid-phase RTD studies in a flotation column: an analysis between tanks-in-series and axial dispersion models
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES
The third phase of a three-phase project investigating the development of coal-based technologies for US Department of Defense (DOD) facilities was completed. The objectives of the project were to: decrease DOD's dependence on foreign oil and increase its use of coal; promote public and private sector deployment of technologies for utilizing coal-based fuels in oil-designed combustion equipment; and provide a continuing environment for research and development of coal-based fuel technologies for small-scale applications at a time when market conditions in the US are not favorable for the introduction of coal-fired equipment in the commercial and industrial capacity ranges. The Phase III activities were focused on evaluating deeply-cleaned coals as fuels for industrial boilers and investigating emissions control strategies for providing ultra-low emissions when firing coal-based fuels. This was addressed by performing coal beneficiation and preparation studies, and bench- to demonstration-scale emissions reduction studies. In addition, economic studies were conducted focused on determining cost and market penetration, selection of incentives, and regional economic impacts of coal-based technologies