Microscopic and Dynamical Properties of ICF/WDM Plasmas

Investigation of physical properties of dense plasmas is one of the important topics in the physics of inertial confinement fusion, warm dense matter and high-power lasers physics. Due to the big difference between the mass of ions and electrons the considered plasma is dense and non-isothermal. It is known that the interaction potentials between particles are also of importance for correctly calculation of plasma properties taking into account peculiarities and parameters of investigated plasma [1]..

Microscopic and Dynamical Properties of ICF/WDM Plasmas

Investigation of physical properties of dense plasmas is one of the important topics in the physics of inertial confinement fusion, warm dense matter and high-power lasers physics. Due to the big difference between the mass of ions and electrons the considered plasma is dense and non-isothermal. It is known that the interaction potentials between particles are also of importance for correctly calculation of plasma properties taking into account peculiarities and parameters of investigated plasma [1]..

Experimental study of energy distribution in ion-beam lithography

The paper reports two important results. Conducted a rigorous comparison of the sensitivity of the resist is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to the irradiation of electron and ion beams. It is shown that, as in the case of electron irradiation, the resist shows both positive (at low doses) and negative (at higher doses) behavior of sensitivity. But compared with the electronic exposure, sensitivity of the resist is approximately a thousand times higher to the ion exposure, both the positive and negative areas....

Инвазированность гельминтами диких жвачных в западно-казахстанской области и активность супрамолекулярного комплекса албендазола с поливинилпирролидоном при гельминтозах

The purpose of the research is to establish the species composition and contamination of saigas with the main helminths, as well as to determine the effectiveness of the supramolecular complex of albendazole with polyvinylpyrrolidone at helminthoses in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region. Materials and methods. Incomplete helminthological autopsy according to K. I. Skryabin was used to study the contamination of saigas with helminths. Supramolecular complex of albendazole with polyvinylpyrrolidone was tested on 30 saigas spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal strongylates and Moniezia spp. Animals of different groups of 10 animals each were administered orally the supramolecular complex of albendazole with polyvinylpyrrolidone at a single dose of 2.0 mg/kg of the AS compared with the base drug albendazole in a dose of 7.5 mg/kg of the AS. The control was a group of saigas that did not receive the drug. The effectiveness of the drugs was considered according to the data of coproovoscopic studies of saigas by the flotation method before and 14 days after administration. Results and discussion. The prevalence of saiga infection with Moniezia spp. in the West Kazakhstan region averaged 37%, Echinococcus sp. 25, Trychostrongilus spp. 62, Ostertagia spp. 87, Marshallagia sp. 87, Haemonchus sp. 75, Nematodirus spp. 87 and Trichocephalus spp. 25%. The 100 % efficiency of the supramolecular complex of albendazole with polyvinylpyrrolidone was obtained at strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract and monieziosis of saigas at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of the AS according to the studies of fecal samples with 80–70% effectiveness of the base drug. Цель исследований: установить видовой состав и степень инвазированности сайгаков основными гельминтами, а также определить эффективность супрамолекулярного комплекса албендазола с поливинилпирролидоном при гельминтозах в условиях Западно-Казахстанской области. Материалы и методы. Для изучения инвазированности гельминтами сайгаков использовали неполное гельминтологическое вскрытие по К. И. Скрябину. Испытание супрамолекулярного комплекса албендазола с поливинилпирролидоном проводили на 30 сайгаках, спонтанно инвазированных стронгилятами пищеварительного тракта и мониезиями. Животным разных групп по 10 голов в каждой назначали однократно перорально супрамолекулярный комплекс албендазола с поливинилпирролидоном в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ в сравнении с базовым препаратом албендазолом в дозе 7,5 мг/кг по ДВ. Контролем служила группа сайгаков, не получавшая препарат. Эффективность препаратов учитывали по данным копроовоскопических исследований сайгаков методом флотации до и через 14 сут после введения.Результаты и обсуждение. Экстенсивность инвазии сайгаков в Западно-Казахстанской области мониезиями в среднем составила 37%, эхинококками 25, трихостронгилами 62, остертагиями 87, маршаллагиями 87, гемонхами 75, нематодирами 87 и трихоцефалами 25%. Получена 100%-ная эффективность супрамолекулярного комплекса албендазола с поливинилпирролидоном при стронгилятозах пищеварительного тракта и мониезиозе сайгаков в дозе 2,0 мг/ кг по ДВ по результатам исследований проб фекалий при 80–70%-ной эффективности базового препарата.

Инвазированность гельминтами крупного рогатого скота в зависимости от природно-климатических условий в Западно-Казахстанской области

The purpose of the research is to identify the law of cattle infection by main helminth species in West Kazakhstan region depending on environmental conditions.Materials and methods. Fullebourn’s method of flotation was used to study helminths infection of cattle. Calculation of the number of helminth eggs and larvae in 1 g of feces was conducted with the help of count chamber VIGIS. Strongylata identification up to generation was conducted according to P. F. Polyakov after larvae cultivation according to N. A. Akulin based on the morphological structure of infective strongylata larvae parasitizing in cattle. Thelazia was washed out from conjunctival eye sac by 3% boric acid solution. Parenchymal organs (hepar, lungs) were tested on detection of caseworm cysts. The researches were conducted once every three months to study helminths seasonal dynamics.Results and discussion. Maximum precipitation in steppe and semi-desert zones is observed in spring 24.2 and 18.7 mm and in autumn 33.0 and 28.0 mm, and minimum precipitation is observed in summer 9.2 and 8.5 mm respectively. Maximum precipitation in desert zone is suited on winter (14.4 mm) and at autumn (14.0 mm). Cattle prevalence by main helminths species in steppe, semi-desert and desert zones of West Kazakhstan region was the lowest in winter and the largest in autumn. In steppe zone the degree of infection by digestive tract strongylata was 27.6 and 44.3%, by moniezia 17.9 and 19.1%, by thelazia 3.2 and 86.9% respectively. In winter and in autumn in semi-desert zone the degree of cattle infection by digestive tract strongylata was 14.4 and 33.8%, by moniezia 15.7 and 18.2%, by thelazia 2.2 and 79.3 % respectively. In winter and in autumn in desert zone the degree of cattle infection by digestive tract strongylata was 11.4 and 27.2%, by moniezia 14.8 and 15.3%, by thelazia 2.4 and 78.2% respectively. Prevalence by caseworms did not change essentially during the year and was in steppe, semi-desert and desert zones average 40.3%, 35.6% and 31.6% respectively.Цель исследований: определить закономерность инвазированности крупного рогатого скота основными видами гельминтов в Западно-Казахстанской области в зависимости от метеорологических условий.Материалы и методы. Для изучения инвазированности гельминтами крупного рогатого скота использовали метод флотации по Фюллеборну. Подсчет числа яиц и личинок гельминтов в 1 г фекалий проводили при помощи счетной камеры ВИГИС. На основании морфологической структуры инвазионных личинок стронгилят, паразитирующих у крупного рогатого скота, после культивирования личинок по Н. А. Акулину проводили идентификацию стронгилят до рода по П. Ф. Полякову. Телязий вымывали из конъюнктивального мешка глаза 3%-ным раствором борной кислоты. Паренхиматозные органы (печень, легкие) исследовали на предмет обнаружения цист эхинококка. Для изучения сезонной динамики гельминтов исследования проводили ежеквартально.Результаты и обсуждение. Наибольшее количество осадков в степной и полупустынной зонах наблюдается весной – 24,2 и 18,7 мм и осенью 33,0 и 28,0 мм, а наименьшее – летом: 9,2 и 8,5 мм соответственно. В пустынной зоне наибольшее количество осадков приходится на зиму (14,4 мм) и осень (14,0 мм). Экстенсивность инвазии крупного рогатого скота основными видами гельминтов в степной, полупустынной и пустынной зонах Западно-Казахстанской области зимой была наименьшая, а осенью – наибольшая. В степной зоне зимой и осенью зараженность составила стронгилятами пищеварительного тракта 27,6 и 44,3%, мониезиями 17,9 и 19,1, телязиями 3,2 и 86,9% соответственно. Зараженность крупного рогатого скота зимой и осенью в полупустынной зоне составила стронгилятами пищеварительного тракта 14,4 и 33,8%, мониезиями 15,7 и 18,2, телязиями 2,2 и 79,3% соответственно. В пустынной зоне зараженность крупного рогатого скота зимой и осенью составила стронгилятами пищеварительного тракта 11,4 и 27,2%, мониезиями 14,8 и 15,3, телязиями 2,4 и 78,2% соответственно. Экстенсивность инвазии эхинококками в течение года существенно не менялась и составила в среднем в степной, полупустынной и пустынной зонах соответственно 40,3%; 35,6 и 31,6%

ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ И СТРУКТУРНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ФОТОКАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ZnO

Optical, structural and catalytic properties of Al-dopped ZnO-based photocatalysts were investigated. The hydrothermal synthesis was used to synthesize the catalysts. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma was applied to treat the synthesized samples. The performance of plasma-treated and untreated catalysts was compared with that of commercially available catalysts. The photocatalytic activity, expressed in terms of the rate of photodegradation of methyl orange, was 3.6 times higher for synthesized samples than that for commercial catalyst. The photocatalytic activity was up to 60 % higher for the plasmatreated samples than for the untreated ones. Исследованы оптические, структурные и каталитические свойства допированных атомами алюминия (Al) фотокатализаторов на основе оксида цинка (ZnO), которые получены методом гидротермального синтеза. Проведено сравнение каталитической активности синтезированных фотокатализаторов до и после обработки в плазме диэлектрического барьерного разряда с активностью промышленно полученного порошка ZnO. Показано, что эффективность реакции фотодеградации метилового оранжевого (МО), выраженная в терминах константы реакции МО, для синтезированных фотокатализаторов выше в 3,6 раза, чем для промышленного образца, и увеличивается приблизительно на 60 % после обработки фотокатализаторов в плазме.

Capacitive electrodes based on a combination of activated carbon and graphene

As an important element of energy storage systems, Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high power density. In order to ensure their high efficiency, along with a high specific capacitance, it is important to lower their series resistance. Carbon materials with a high specific surface area have been widely used as potential electrode material for supercapacitors, however their insufficiently low electrical resistivity limits the energy and power density of the device. Therefore, for optimizing the energy storage and power capability of supercapacitors, development of composite materials electrodes with optimized properties and low electric resistance is crucial. In this article, composite electrodes based on a combination of activated carbon and graphene are obtained and their properties are investigated. The capacitive performance of the composite electrodes is tested in an electrochemical cell and their advantage ] for lowering the electrical resistance of the device is shown

Thermodynamic and dynamical properties of dense ICF plasma

In present work, thermodynamic expressions were obtained through potentials that took into consideration long-range many-particle screening effects as well as short-range quantum-mechanical effects and radial distribution functions (RDFs). Stopping power of the projectile ions in dense, non-isothermal plasma was considered. One of the important values that describe the stopping power of the ions in plasma is the Coulomb logarithm. We investigated the stopping power of ions in inertial confi nement fusion (ICF) plasma and other energetic characteristics of fuel. Calculations of ions energy losses in the plasma for different values of the temperature and plasma density were carried out. A comparison of the calculated data of ion stopping power and energy deposition with experimental and theoretical results of other authors was also performed

Effect of laminar and turbulent flow on the collective motion of plasma microdischarges at atmospheric pressure

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is used for many important applications in various sectors of science and technology. For example, for ozone generation, surface modification of polymers, in plasma medicine, and for decomposition of heavy volatile organic compounds. Nowadays, one of the actual problems is getting of uniformity of discharge distribution for high quality treatment of materials surfaces. To achieve uniform distribution of the discharge, several methods are available, one is to use different types of noble gases, and another is to use AC power supply with frequency varied in wide range. But besides this, another of the potential methods for obtaining a uniformly distributed discharge is to blow through the discharge gap flow of air. This method was used in this paper to conduct experiments which consisted of oscilloscoping voltage and current values, high-speed imaging, also gas flow simulation for comparison with the experiments. The obtained results show the dynamics of microdischarge motion in laminar and turbulent flow regimes, which supported by flow simulation