11 research outputs found

    Inkrementalne obliczenia rozk艂adu sekwencji dla izotaktycznego poli(akrylanu izobutylu) i poli(akrylanu sec-butylu)

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    The microstructure characterization of two butyl acrylate homopolymers poly(isobutyl acrylate), PiBuA and poly(sec-butyl acrylate), PsBuA, prepared by anionic polymerization, was investigated by 鹿鲁C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the carbonyl signal in the 100 MHz 鹿鲁C NMR spectra of both homopolymers was sensitive to configurational effects and provided sufficient resolution to perform detailed analysis of sequence distribution at the triad/pentad level. The line assignments can be verified by spectral simulation based on incremental calculation of the chemical shifts of individual sequences.Wykorzystuj膮c spektroskopi臋 鹿鲁C NMR przeprowadzono charakterystyk臋 mikrostrukturaln膮 dw贸ch homopolimer贸w akrylowych, poli(akrylanu izobutylu), PiBuA, oraz poli(akrylanu sec-butylu), PsBuA, uzyskanych na drodze polimeryzacji anionowej. Stwierdzono, 偶e sygna艂 karbonylowy obydwu homopolimer贸w jest czu艂y na efekty konfiguracyjne, a rozdzielczo艣膰 sygna艂u C=O pozwala na analiz臋 rozk艂adu sekwencji na poziomie triad i pentad konfiguracyjnych. Przypisanie sygna艂贸w zosta艂o zweryfikowane przez komputerow膮 symulacj臋 widma opart膮 na inkrementalnych obliczeniach przesuni臋膰 chemicznych poszczeg贸lnych sekwencji

    Analiza mikrostrukturalna poli(akrylanu n-propylu) i poli(akrylanu izopropylu) na podstawie sygna艂u w臋gla 尾-metylenowego w widmach 13C NMR

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    The samples of poly(n-propyl acrylate), PnPrA, and poly(isopropyl acrylate), PiPrA, were synthesized by free radical polymerization in solution (butan-2-one). The 100 MHz 13C NMR spectra of these homopolymers were recorded in two deuterated solvents: chloroform (CDCl3) and benzene (C6D6). In the PnPrA spectra, the backbone 尾-methylene carbon signal (尾-CH2) (33.0 - 36.5 ppm) was split up to configurational hexads for CDCl3 and C6D6. In the PiPrA spectra, the 尾-CH2 signal (32.5 - 36.5 ppm) was split up to configurational hexads in both solvents.Pr贸bki poli(akrylanu n-propylu), PnPrA, i poli(akrylanu izopropylu), PiPrA, otrzymano w polimeryzacji rodnikowej w roztworze. Widma 100 MHz 13C NMR tych homopolimer贸w zarejestrowano w dw贸ch deuterowanych rozpuszczalnikach: chloroformie (CDCl3) i benzenie (C6D6). Na widmach PnPrA, zarejestrowanych w deuterowanym chloroformie i benzenie sygna艂, w臋gli metylenowych (尾-CH2) (33,0 - 36,5 ppm) ulega rozszczepieniu si臋 na poziomie heksad konfiguracyjnych, natomiast sygna艂 尾-CH2 (32,5 - 36,5 ppm) poli(akrylanu izopropylu) rozszczepia si臋 na poziomie heksad konfiguracyjnych

    Wykorzystanie spektroskopii 13C NMR do badania rozk艂adu sekwencji konfiguracyjnych poli(metakrylan n-butylu)

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    Microstructural analysis of macromolecular chain of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) was performed using 13C NMR spectroscopy. The samples of PnBuMA, were synthesized in two ways: free radical polymerization and anionic polymerization. The 100 MHz 13C NMR spectra of this homopolymer were recorded in deutereted chloroform. The carbonyl signal in the region from 175.5 to 178.5 ppm was found to be sensitive to chain configuration at the heptad level, while the 尾-methylene signal of the carbon chain (49.0-55.0 ppm) was split up to configurational hexads.Badania mikrostruktury poli(metakrylanu n-butylu) przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem spektroskopii 13C NMR. Pr贸bki PnBuMA uzyskano na drodze polimeryzacji wolnorodnikowej i anionowej. Widma 100 MHz 13C NMR homopolimeru metakrylanu n-butylu zarejestrowano w deuterowanym chloroformie. Sygna艂 karbonylowy w zakresie od 175,5 do 178,5 ppm, jest czu艂y na efekty konfiguracyjne na poziomie heptad, natomiast sygna艂 w臋gli metylenowych z 艂a艅cucha g艂贸wnego (49,0 - 55,0 ppm) rozszczepia si臋 na poziomie heksad konfiguracyjnych

    Using milk industry waste in production of biodegradable polymers

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    G艂贸wnym kierunkiem przetwarzania serwatki jest otrzymywanie kwasu mlekowego w procesie fermentacji mlekowej. Z kwasu mlekowego otrzymuje si臋 polimer w pe艂ni biodegradowalny [poli- (kwas mlekowy)], kt贸ry otrzymuje si臋 na drodze polimeryzacji bezpo艣redniej, prosto z kwasu mlekowego oraz w wyniku po艣redniej polimeryzacji. W ramach bada艅 w艂asnych sprawdzono katalizatory na bazie cynku (Zn), cyny (Sn) oraz cyrkonu (Zr) w procesie polimeryzacji z otwarciem pier艣cienia oraz bezpo艣redniej polikondensacji z kwasu mlekowego.The main direction of whey processing is production of lactic acid in the process of lactic fermentation. Lactic acid can be used to produce fully biodegradable polymer [poly(lactic acid)] (PLA), in the process of direct polymerization, directly from lactic acid, and in indirect polymerization. This study reviews the literature comparing various methods of PLA synthesis and potential uses of this polymer. The impact of physical parameters on the average molecular weight (Mw), glassy temperature (Tg), flow temperature (Tp) for amorphous PLA during polymerization, and melting point (Tm) for crystalline PLA is presented. Under our own research zinc (Zn), tin (Sn) and zirconium (Zr) based catalysts were tested in the polymerization process, with opening of lactide ring obtained from condensation of two lactic acid molecules and direct polycondensation of lactic acid

    Mutations of the CHEK2 gene in patients with cancer and their presence in the Latin American population

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    Art铆culo cient铆ficoCHEK2 (Checkpoint Kinase 2) encodes CHK2, a serine/threonine kinase involved in maintaining the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints and repair of double-strand DNA breaks via homologous recombination. Functions of CHK2 include the prevention of damaged cells from going through the cell cycle or proliferating and the maintenance of chromosomal stability. CHEK2 mutations have been reported in a variety of cancers including glioblastoma, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, gastric, thyroid, and lung cancer in studies performed mainly in White populations. The most studied mutation in CHEK2 is c.1100delC, which was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to compile mutations in CHEK2 identified in cancer genomics studies in different populations and especially in Latin American individualsIntroduction. -- Search of cancer genomics data repositories and the GWAS catalog. -- Literature review of Latin American studies. -- Results. -- CHEK2 mutations in the data genomics repositories. -- CHEK2 mutations in Latinos reported in the literature. -- Discussion
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