Distributed Generation unit and Capacitor Placement for Multi-objective Optimization

Distributed Generation (DG) and capacitor placement and the tap setting of ULTC transformers can be used individually to improve the voltage profile and loss reduction. In this article, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize the multi-objective function for DG and capacitor placement with tap setting of ULTC. The objective function consists the loss reduction, voltage improvement and increasing the available transfer capability (ATC) of the distribution network. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied to IEEE 41 bus radial distribution network. The results show that this method has a better effect on improving the objective functions.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.159

Electric Differential for an Electric Vehicle with Four Independent Driven Motors and Four Wheels Steering Ability Using Improved Fictitious Master Synchronization Strategy

Using an Electric Differential (ED) in electric vehicle has many advantages such as flexibility and direct torque control of the wheels during cornering and risky maneuvers. Despite its reported successes and advantages, the ED has several problems limits its applicability, for instance, an increment of control loops and an increase of computational effort. In this paper, an electric differential for an electric vehicle with four independent driven motors is proposed. The proposed ED is easy-to-implement and hasn’t the problems of previous EDs. This ED has been developed for four wheels steering vehicles. The synchronization action is achieved by using an improved fictitious master technique, and the Ackerman principle is used to compute an adaptive desired wheel speed. The proposed ED is simulated and the operation of the system is studied. The simulation results show that ED ensures both reliability and good path tracking

Electric Differential for an Electric Vehicle with Four Independent Driven Motors and Four Wheels Steering Ability Using Improved Fictitious Master Synchronization Strategy

ABSTRACT Using an Electric Differential (ED) in electric vehicle has many advantages such as flexibility and direct torque control of the wheels during cornering and risky maneuvers. Despite its reported successes and advantages, the ED has several problems limits its applicability, for instance, an increment of control loops and an increase of computational effort. In this paper, an electric differential for an electric vehicle with four independent driven motors is proposed. The proposed ED is easy-to-implement and hasn't the problems of previous EDs. This ED has been developed for four wheels steering vehicles. The synchronization action is achieved by using an improved fictitious master technique, and the Ackerman principle is used to compute an adaptive desired wheel speed. The proposed ED is simulated and the operation of the system is studied. The simulation results show that ED ensures both reliability and good path tracking

Incidence of Snake Bites in Kashan, Iran During an Eight Year Period (2004-2011)

Background: Snake bites are one of the significant health problems in the tropical and subtropical regions. Snake bite is a common medical emergency in Iran, and the epidemiological features and management of such cases vary from region to region. Objectives: This present research study was conducted to obtain new information about the epidemiology of snake bites in the region of Kashan, located in the central part of Iran. Patients and Methods: This research was a descriptive retrospective study. Data from 2004 to 2011 of snakebite cases were collected from case reports. Information included; age and sex of the victim, district, month of incident, mortality, and time of bite. Results: The results of this study showed that the majority of snake bite patients were male (96%). The age distribution of patients indicated that the greatest rate of snake bites occurred among the 15-24 year old group. Data collected in this study revealed that the highest incidence of snake bite cases took place in summer (60%) and the lowest number occurred in winter, with no snake bite cases being recorded. The peak number of snakebite cases was seen during June-September. Conclusions: It was concluded that snake bite cases in Kashan are similar to other areas in Iran from an epidemiological point of view, including; age distribution rates, gender and site of the bites. The existence of Macrov ipera lebetina, a dangerous venomous snake, can cause a range of clinical effects among residents in central parts of Iran, such as Kashan area

Two Inputs Five-Level Quasi-Z-Source Inverter

This paper combines quasi-Z-source into a typical five-level inverter, which includes two dc voltage sources, two quasi-Z-sources and five switching devices. In this structure, the output voltage amplitude is not limited to dc voltage source and it can be increased by quasi-Z-source. Besides, due to nature of Z-source families, this new structure is reliable and higher efficiency. Also, in this inverter, two quasi-Z-networks can be controlled independently. This paper also proposes new switching algorithms for proposed five-level dual quasi-Z-Source inverter based on pulse width modulation (PWM) and selective harmonic elimination method (SHEM) algorithms .The performance of proposed inverter and switching algorithm are validated with simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and experimental results based PCI-1716 data acquisition system

Field Oriented Control of Dual Mechanical Port Machine for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A dual mechanical port machine (DMPM) is used as an electrically variable transmission (EVT) in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In the conventional HEV, this machine is replaced by a planetary gearbox and two electric machines and makes this structure simpler. This paper presents field oriented control (FOC) for DMPM. For HEV application, drive efficiency and wide operating speed range are important. The control strategy, which uses the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) method at low speed and flux weakening (FW) method at high speed are proposed. The model of DMPM considering the magnetic coupling between two air gaps has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink and the proposed control strategy is applied to DMPM. The simulation results have been provided with a brief discussion at the end

Accuracy and efficiency of conventional ground sprayers in Iran

Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, is a key pest of wheat and barley in Iran. At present, infested areas are treated with ground sprayers. A survey was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and calibration accuracy of ground hydraulic sprayers in Iran. The results showed that the motorized lance sprayer and manually operated sprayer were the most conventional sprayers, and fenitrothion EC 50% and deltamethrin EC 2.5% were the conventional insecticides against sunn pest in Kermanshah province. The mean efficacy percentage was 88% and 35% against nymphs and overwintered adults, respectively. In motorized lance sprayers, there were 5% and 90% overdosage of fenitrothion and deltamethrin, respectively; while, in manually carried sprayers, there were 5% and 25% overdosage of fenitrothion and deltamethrin, respectively. Applied dosages were 5-20% and 25-90% more than recommended dosages of fenitrothion and deltamethrin, respectively. Errors in effectiveness and applied dosage were higher in motorized lance sprayer than manually carried sprayers

Toxicity of Three Insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum, a Parasitoid of the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae

The toxicity of three insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a parasitoid of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was investigated using IOBC/wprs protocols. Abamectin 1.8 EC, imidacloprid 350 SC, and pymetrozine 25 WP were tested under laboratory conditions at recommended field rates. Immature stages of the parasitoid were exposed to materials by briefly dipping mummified aphids into insecticide solutions/suspensions or water (controls). Abamectin, imidacloprid, and pymetrozine caused 44.8, 58.5, and 14.5% mortality of mummies, respectively. Insecticides were also applied to broad bean foliage until run-off using a hand sprayer and the contact toxicity of residues was investigated after 1, 5, 16 and 30 day periods of outdoor weathering by caging adult wasps on treated plants for 24 h. One day-old residues of abamectin, imidacloprid, and pymetrozine produced 52.5, 90.0 and 57.0% mortality, respectively, and 5 day-old residues produced 28.1, 77.0 and 18.6% mortality. Sixteen day-old residues produced 8.8, 22.4 and 13.6% mortality, whereas 30 day-old residues produced 0.0, 3.2 and 1.1% mortality, respectively. On the basis of these results, abamectin and pymetrozine were classified as short-lived compounds (Class A) and imidacloprid as a slightly persistent compound (Class B)