1,913 research outputs found
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Single-Species Annihilation
We investigate the kinetics of diffusion-controlled heterogeneous
single-species annihilation, where the diffusivity of each particle may be
different. The concentration of the species with the smallest diffusion
coefficient has the same time dependence as in homogeneous single-species
annihilation, A+A-->0. However, the concentrations of more mobile species decay
as power laws in time, but with non-universal exponents that depend on the
ratios of the corresponding diffusivities to that of the least mobile species.
We determine these exponents both in a mean-field approximation, which should
be valid for spatial dimension d>2, and in a phenomenological Smoluchowski
theory which is applicable in d<2. Our theoretical predictions compare well
with both Monte Carlo simulations and with time series expansions.Comment: TeX, 18 page
Velocity Distributions of Granular Gases with Drag and with Long-Range Interactions
We study velocity statistics of electrostatically driven granular gases. For
two different experiments: (i) non-magnetic particles in a viscous fluid and
(ii) magnetic particles in air, the velocity distribution is non-Maxwellian,
and its high-energy tail is exponential, P(v) ~ exp(-|v|). This behavior is
consistent with kinetic theory of driven dissipative particles. For particles
immersed in a fluid, viscous damping is responsible for the exponential tail,
while for magnetic particles, long-range interactions cause the exponential
tail. We conclude that velocity statistics of dissipative gases are sensitive
to the fluid environment and to the form of the particle interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Percolation with Multiple Giant Clusters
We study the evolution of percolation with freezing. Specifically, we
consider cluster formation via two competing processes: irreversible
aggregation and freezing. We find that when the freezing rate exceeds a certain
threshold, the percolation transition is suppressed. Below this threshold, the
system undergoes a series of percolation transitions with multiple giant
clusters ("gels") formed. Giant clusters are not self-averaging as their total
number and their sizes fluctuate from realization to realization. The size
distribution F_k, of frozen clusters of size k, has a universal tail, F_k ~
k^{-3}. We propose freezing as a practical mechanism for controlling the gel
size.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Correlation and response in a driven dissipative model
We consider a simple dissipative system with spatial structure in contact
with a heat bath. The system always exhibits correlations except in the cases
of zero and maximal dissipation. We explicitly calculate the correlation
function and the nonlocal response function of the system and show that they
have the same spatial dependence. Finally, we examine heat transfer in the
model, which agrees qualitatively with simulations of vibrated granular gases
Sefficiency (sustainable efficiency) and reallocation of watre using agricultura and urban scenarios
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Alignment of Rods and Partition of Integers
We study dynamical ordering of rods. In this process, rod alignment via
pairwise interactions competes with diffusive wiggling. Under strong diffusion,
the system is disordered, but at weak diffusion, the system is ordered. We
present an exact steady-state solution for the nonlinear and nonlocal kinetic
theory of this process. We find the Fourier transform as a function of the
order parameter, and show that Fourier modes decay exponentially with the wave
number. We also obtain the order parameter in terms of the diffusion constant.
This solution is obtained using iterated partitions of the integer numbers.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Universal statistical properties of poker tournaments
We present a simple model of Texas hold'em poker tournaments which retains
the two main aspects of the game: i. the minimal bet grows exponentially with
time; ii. players have a finite probability to bet all their money. The
distribution of the fortunes of players not yet eliminated is found to be
independent of time during most of the tournament, and reproduces accurately
data obtained from Internet tournaments and world championship events. This
model also makes the connection between poker and the persistence problem
widely studied in physics, as well as some recent physical models of biological
evolution, and extreme value statistics.Comment: Final longer version including data from Internet and WPT tournament
Popularity-Driven Networking
We investigate the growth of connectivity in a network. In our model,
starting with a set of disjoint nodes, links are added sequentially. Each link
connects two nodes, and the connection rate governing this random process is
proportional to the degrees of the two nodes. Interestingly, this network
exhibits two abrupt transitions, both occurring at finite times. The first is a
percolation transition in which a giant component, containing a finite fraction
of all nodes, is born. The second is a condensation transition in which the
entire system condenses into a single, fully connected, component. We derive
the size distribution of connected components as well as the degree
distribution, which is purely exponential throughout the evolution.
Furthermore, we present a criterion for the emergence of sudden condensation
for general homogeneous connection rates.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Opinion dynamics: rise and fall of political parties
We analyze the evolution of political organizations using a model in which
agents change their opinions via two competing mechanisms. Two agents may
interact and reach consensus, and additionally, individual agents may
spontaneously change their opinions by a random, diffusive process. We find
three distinct possibilities. For strong diffusion, the distribution of
opinions is uniform and no political organizations (parties) are formed. For
weak diffusion, parties do form and furthermore, the political landscape
continually evolves as small parties merge into larger ones. Without diffusion,
a pattern develops: parties have the same size and they possess equal niches.
These phenomena are analyzed using pattern formation and scaling techniques.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
- …