Distribution of socio-demographic and biological characteristics of APCAPS participants (n = 1038), 2009–10.

<p>All values are means(SD) unless otherwise stated.</p><p>MVPA = Moderate or Vigorous Physical Activity; 25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, IMT = Intima-Media Thickness, HDL = High-density lipoprotein, LDL = Low-density lipoprotein</p><p>* We used a cut-off of ≤20ng/ml to define deficiency (equal to 50nmol/l) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129468#pone.0129468.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>].</p><p>^† p-values are based on unpaired t-tests for heterogeneity in means, with appropriate degrees of freedom.</p><p>^‡ non-normal distribution; median (inter-quartile range) presented, and p-values are based on Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests for equality.</p><p>^Ф Analysis of fasting glucose, insulin, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol exclude participants who did not fast (n = 36)</p><p>^§ Smoking status; former user = ceased use >6 months ago; current user = used in the last 6 months.</p><p>^¶ Manual occupations include roles such as labourers, craftsmen, servants, postal staff and farmers; professional occupations include role such as teachers, accountants, clinicians, business owners and engineers.</p><p>Distribution of socio-demographic and biological characteristics of APCAPS participants (n = 1038), 2009–10.</p

Key characteristics of APCAPS participants with a serum vitamin D result (n = 1038) compared to APCAPS participants without a serum vitamin D result (n = 408); 2009–10.

<p>Values are means. P-values are based on unpaired t-tests for heterogeneity in means, with appropriate degrees of freedom</p><p>Key characteristics of APCAPS participants with a serum vitamin D result (n = 1038) compared to APCAPS participants without a serum vitamin D result (n = 408); 2009–10.</p

Association of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D)^† with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of young Indian females from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (n = 418)^Ф; 2009–10.

<p>25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; DXA = Dual X-ray Absorptiometry; BP = Blood Pressure; IMT = Intima-Media Thickness; aPWV = Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity; HDL = High-density lipoprotein; LDL = Low-density lipoprotein</p><p>Model 1 adjusts for age and intervention status. Model 2, as in Model 1, plus further adjustment for lifestyle factors (standard of living index, occupation, time spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity, smoking status), body fat and month of test. Results are based on linear mixed effect regression models with robust standard errors to account for clustering at the household and village level, rounded to 2 decimal places.</p><p>* Model 2 excludes body fat</p><p>^Ф Analysis of fasting glucose, insulin, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol exclude participants who did not fast (n = 36)</p><p>^†Logged values</p><p>Association of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129468#t004fn005" target="_blank">†</a>} with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of young Indian females from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (n = 418)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129468#t004fn004" target="_blank">Ф</a>}; 2009–10.</p