Synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid azobenzene materials for the preparation of nanofibers by electrospinning’

The new photochromic hybrid materials containing different mole fractions of highly photoactive 4-[(E)-[4-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl]azo]-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (SMERe) were prepared by a low temperature sol–gel process. The guest–host systems with triethoxyphenylsilane matrix were obtained. These materials were used to form thin transparent films by a spin-coating technique. Then the ability of thin hybrid films to reversible trans–cis photoisomerization under illumination was investigated using ellipsometry and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The reversible changes of refractive index of the films under illumination were in the range of 0.005–0.056. The maximum absorption of these materials was located at 462–486 nm. Moreover, the organic–inorganic azobenzene materials were used to form nanofibers by electrospinning using various parameters of the process. The microstructure of electrospun fibers depended on sols properties (e.g. concentration and viscosity of the sols) and process conditions (e.g. the applied voltage, temperature or type of the collector) at ambient conditions. The morphology of obtained nanofibers was analyzed by an optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In most instances, the beadless fibers were obtained. The wettability of the surface of electrospun fibers deposited on glass substrates was investigated

Analytical-experimental method for evaluating axial stiffness of the Ilizarow apparatus

Praca prezentuje nietypowe ujęcie problemu wyznaczania sztywności aparatu Ilizarowa zawierającego druty Kirschnera oraz wkręty Schanza. Opracowana metoda obliczeń nie wymaga zastosowania metody elementów skończonych, a jedynie wykonania prostych eksperymentów i obliczeń. Niezbędne w analizie parametry opisujące podatność pierścieni Ilizarowa wyznaczano eksperymentalnie. Istotnym rozwinięciem, w stosunku do wcześniejszych prac jest opracowanie analitycznej metody opisu współpracy pierścieni Ilizarowa z wkrętami Schanza uwzględniającej podatność wszystkich elementów aparatu.This paper presents an uncommon solution to the problem of acquiring the value of stiffness of the Ilizarow apparatus that consists of Kirschner wires and Schanz screws. The proposed method does not require the application of the Finite Element Method, as the only necessary requirement is the execution of a few basic experiments and calculations. The parameters defining the sensibility of the Ilizarow rings are acquired through the experimental means. A significant improvement in comparison to the earlier works in this field is the derivation of the analytical method for describing the cooperation of Ilizarow rings and the Schanz screws, with regard to the sensibility of all the apparatus’ elements

Numerical-Experimental Analysis of Plastic Flow Beginning Phase Round the Hole in the Thin Shield Under Tension

The method of recognition of plastic strains with the use of optical interference was characterized in the work. The idea of the method was shown on the example test for 15HM steel tension. The results of experimental testing of plastic strains initiation in the thin shield with opening of O20 diameter under tension, especially considering round the hole zone were presented in further part of the work. The experiment was carried out with the use of method mentioned above. In the experiment the stresses initializing plastic deformations and the shape of plastic zone were determined. The stress state analysis in the hole zone in the specimen under tension was realized with the use of finite element method. The calculations were done for two significantly different hole diameters. The results of FEM calculations allow for certification that for the holes of diameters significantly bigger than the shield thickness round the hole plane stress state occurs

System for fast numerical analysis of compliance in chosen configurations of the Ilizarov apparatus

W pracy przedstawiono nakładkę do programu ANSYS umożliwiającą prowadzenie szybkich obliczeń jak również optymalizację wybranych układów aparatu Ilizarowa. Praca przedstawia praktyczną realizację idei budowy pakietu obliczeniowego pozwalającego na szybki montaż modelu obliczeniowego układu aparatu Ilizarowa z zespołu przygotowanych, szeroko stosowanych elementów, bazując na dwóch pierścieniach. Aplikacja prowadzi użytkownika przy tworzeniu modelu obliczeniowego aparatu, pozwalając wybrać oczekiwaną opcję oraz zapewnia uzyskanie wyniku - podatności układu w czasie kilku sekund.This paper treats about a cooperating with ANSYS application, which enables fast analysis and optimization of chosen configurations of Ilizarov apparatus. Idea of an engineering software providing fast modeling, using common elements and basing on two rings is presented. User is carried through designing a model, choosing options and in the end getting results - compliance of the chosen configuration of Ilizarov apparatus in just a few seconds