Adaptive scheduled partitioning technique for reliable emergency message broadcasting in VANET for intelligent transportation systems

This paper aims to enable accurate and reliable emergency message broadcast in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). The VANET is the most common topology used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), where changes in standard topology due to the mobility of nodes create challenges in broadcasting the emergency message and efficient data delivery in both highway and urban scenarios. The main problems in urban scenarios are channel contention, message redundancy and road structure. To obtain information, broadcast protocols for VANET typically use beacon messages, which are distributed among the vehicles. When multiple vehicles transmit messages at the same time, a broadcast storm occurs and vehicles experience message delivery failure. To address this problem, Adaptive Scheduled Partitioning and Broadcasting Technique (ASPBT) for emergency message broadcast and beacon retransmissions for message reliability were proposed. This protocol dynamically modifies several partitions and beacon periodicity to reduce the number of retransmissions. Later, the partition size is determined by estimating the network transmission density of each partition schedule via the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm is proposed. The simulation is carried out with different network densities at the vehicle speed of 110 km/h, a direct path length of 12 km under a four-way direction path and performance analysis was performed

POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FRESH AND PHOTOACTIVATED GOMUTRA FOR STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPATHOGENIC ACTIVITIES AGAINST VARIOUS PATHOGENS

Nowadays, the increase in use of antimicrobial drugs has been attributed to indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and ongoing epidemics of HIV infection. These drugs are economically too expensive and inadequate for the treatment of diseases in developing countries, and it also has some serious side effects. Some pathogens have also become resistant to many commercially used antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to develop new infection-fighting strategies from natural source to control pathogenic infections without cause any side effects. The cow urine has a best source of natural compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this present study, the cow urine was collected at different time intervals and the antibacterial activity of Photo activated, distillate and fresh raw cow urine were tested by agar well and pour plate method using the pathogenic microbes like pseudomonas auerogenisa, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The antioxidant activity of the Cow Urine and its fractions has been evaluated by Free Radical Scavenging Activity using DPPH assay method and Reducing Power Assay. In this result we found that the fresh and photo activated cow urine evidences for better antioxidant and antimicrobial activity by inhibiting Klebsiella pneumonia (31 and 27mm) compared to distillate. We conclude that the fresh and photo activated gomutra could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that would have greater importance as supportive therapy in slowing oxidative stress related degenerative diseases and also act as effective tool for inhibiting pathogenic infections

Intelligent accident detection system by emergency response and disaster management using vehicular fog computing

Traffic has increased significantly over the past few years as a result of an increase in the number of vehicles using the common routes. It has been noted that manually operating signals has grown to be difficult. The difficulties encountered during an accident are the backed-up ambulances during emergencies caused by vehicle congestion and poor weather conditions like fog and haze. Considering this, the study focuses on the outcomes of an intelligent accident detection system using Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). Automatic identification of crash spots and free flow of ambulances on roadways at peak hours of traffic. VFC has recently gained popularity as a useful tool for assisting vehicles in computing and storing service demands. Using the built-in sensors on a smartphone to monitor vehicular collisions and report them to the closest accessible first responder, as well as providing real-time location monitoring for paramedics and emergency victims would greatly improve the odds of recovery for emergency victims while saving time and money. This computing model guarantees the optimization of traffic congestion and energy consumption in the accident and foggy environment. This method also relies on delivering medical records to the closest hospital before the ambulance arrives, so pre-treatment can begin in the hospital

Adaptive scheduled partitioning technique for reliable emergency message broadcasting in VANET for intelligent transportation systems

This paper aims to enable accurate and reliable emergency message broadcast in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). The VANET is the most common topology used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), where changes in standard topology due to the mobility of nodes create challenges in broadcasting the emergency message and efficient data delivery in both highway and urban scenarios. The main problems in urban scenarios are channel contention, message redundancy and road structure. To obtain information, broadcast protocols for VANET typically use beacon messages, which are distributed among the vehicles. When multiple vehicles transmit messages at the same time, a broadcast storm occurs and vehicles experience message delivery failure. To address this problem, Adaptive Scheduled Partitioning and Broadcasting Technique (ASPBT) for emergency message broadcast and beacon retransmissions for message reliability were proposed. This protocol dynamically modifies several partitions and beacon periodicity to reduce the number of retransmissions. Later, the partition size is determined by estimating the network transmission density of each partition schedule via the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm is proposed. The simulation is carried out with different network densities at the vehicle speed of 110 km/h, a direct path length of 12 km under a four-way direction path and performance analysis was performed

Screening and characterization of high lipid accumulating microalga Ankistrodesmus sp. from freshwater environment

931-936Microalgae based biofuel is an attractive alternative energy source due to its rapid growth rate and high lipid accumulation efficiency. In this study, we screened high lipid content microalga with the favourable fatty acid composition suitable for biodiesel production. Totally twelve different microalgal species were isolated from freshwater habitats. The isolates were identified as Micractinium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus, Desmodesmus sp., Scenedesmus obliquus, Coelastrum proboscideum, Chlamydomonas moewusii, Chlamydomonas debaryana, Chlamydomonas dorsoventralis, Coelastrum sp., and Ankistrodesmus sp. based on morphological features and ITS region similarity. Among the isolates, highest lipid content (33±0.07%) and lipid productivity (0.27±0.06 g L-1) were obtained from Ankistrodesmus sp. Intracellular lipid droplets of Ankistrodesmus sp. were observed through Nile red staining. The lipid content was enhanced up to 45% under the nitrogen deficient (5 mg L-1) BG-11 medium. Ankistrodesmus sp. fatty acid profile shows the presence of palmitic (16.39%), stearic (15.67%), oleic (25.66%), linolenic (21.62%), and alpha-linoleic acids (14.34%). The oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid 25.66% in the nitrogen deficient condition

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Not AvailableIndian Farming system comprising multi-faceted dependence of nature, constraints are inevitable, Constraints in the system of agriculture are natural, which requires utmost care, caution and prevention. An understanding of these constraints will pave way in decision making by every farmer for the prospects and policy maker for further development. Hence an attempt is made to analyse the constraints of Integrated farming system (IFS) in select Agro-Climatic Zones of Karnataka State. The constraints expressed by the respondents in the order of severity were ranked using Garrett ranking technique which is used to find out the most significant constraint to be addressed in the order of priority. The present study was conducted during 2018-19 in the representative districts of selected five agro climatic zones of Karnataka State namely Dharwad-Northern Transitition zone, Tumkur - Central dry zone, Mandya- Southern dry zone, Shimoga-Hilly zone and Udupi-Coastal zone. The perusal of results from the present study revealed the major constraints in order of importance, as expressed by the respondents on the basis of mean score value which included: Lack of remunerative prices for farm produce (84.00), long working hours (76.94), High cost of inputs to take up different farm enterprises (76.84), Lack of marketing facilities and exploitation by middlemen at local level (76.69), Management of subsidiary enterprises like dairy, sheep and goat units. (74.71), Lack of proper access to information and extension services (72.77), Scarcity and high cost of labour (71.78), Monsoon fluctuations affecting production levels. (66.26), Natural resource management, in terms of water conservation and soil health (63.36), Less involvement of Youth in farming (59.66), Problems of wildlife menace, pests & diseases (58.83) and Cultural incompatibility in adopting Livestock a component in integrated farming system (58.49). The policy decisions and measures of Government towards extension initiatives for establishing model farms and organizing the awareness and training programmes on integration of different farm enterprises in one or two locations of each Panchayat union may enable the farmers of that locality to gain first-hand knowledge about various aspects of integrated farming system and help them to overcome the constraints of integrated farming system.UGC Fellowshi

Detection of adherence of Enterococcus faecalis in infected dentin of extracted human teeth using confocal laser scanning microscope: An In vitro Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to detect in vitro adherence of Enterococcus faecalis to the infected dentinal tubules of human extracted teeth using confocal laser scanning microscope. Subjects and Methods: Roots from human premolar teeth (n = 40) were infected with E. faecalis strain the American Type Culture Collection 29212 in brain heart infusion for 21 days. After the experimental period, specimens were divided into two groups, Group A (n = 20), Group B (n = 20), and Group A specimens were stained with fluorescein diacetate dye for the detection of viability and adherence Group B were stained with acridine orange dye for detection of metabolic activity and adherence. Samples were washed, thoroughly sectioned and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Computer-assisted determinants of fluorescence, bacterial viability, metabolic activity, and adherence were compared statistically. Results: E. faecalis was able to invade the dentinal tubules to a depth of 1–400 μm and adhere to 1–200 μm depth. Adherence (90%) was significantly higher in 1–100 μm using fluorescein diacetate and acridine orange dye. Conclusion: Adherence of E. faecalis as evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope was highest at the depth of 1–100 μm which may have an impact on the shaping and cleaning procedures on the root canal