The observation of Extensive Air Showers from an Earth-Orbiting Satellite

In this paper we review the main issues that are relevant for the detection of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) from space. EAS are produced by the interaction of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Particles (UHECP) with the atmosphere and can be observed from an orbiting telescope by detecting air fluorescence UV light. We define the requirements and provide the main formulas and plots needed to design and optimize a suitable telescope. We finally estimate its expected performances in ideal conditions.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures; submitted to Astroparticle Physics 27 pages, 14 figures; major revision; added new figures and sections; typos fixed. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0810.571

Alien Registration- Pesce, Ferdinand M. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/25556/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Pesce, Ferdinand M. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/25556/thumbnail.jp

A Step-by-step Guide to the Realisation of Advanced Optical Tweezers

Since the pioneering work of Arthur Ashkin, optical tweezers have become an indispensable tool for contactless manipulation of micro- and nanoparticles. Nowadays optical tweezers are employed in a myriad of applications demonstrating the importance of these tools. While the basic principle of optical tweezers is the use of a strongly focused laser beam to trap and manipulate particles, ever more complex experimental set-ups are required in order to perform novel and challenging experiments. With this article, we provide a detailed step- by-step guide for the construction of advanced optical manipulation systems. First, we explain how to build a single-beam optical tweezers on a home-made microscope and how to calibrate it. Improving on this design, we realize a holographic optical tweezers, which can manipulate independently multiple particles and generate more sophisticated wavefronts such as Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Finally, we explain how to implement a speckle optical tweezers, which permit one to employ random speckle light fields for deterministic optical manipulation.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figure

mtDNA and mitochondrial stress signaling in human diseases: A special issue

: The completion of the Special Issue dedicated to "mtDNA and mitochondrial stress signaling in human diseases" requests a final overall look to highlight the most valuable findings among the many presented data [...]