Creencias implícitas sobre la noción de personas responsables e irresponsables: un estudio mediante el análisis factorial de la taxonomía de términos de personalidad en español

Antecedentes: se investiga mediante análisis factorial la estructura dimensional subyacente a las creencias implícitas acerca de dos prototipos: persona responsable e irresponsable. Método: 520 estudiantes universitarios evaluaron el grado de adecuación a estos prototipos de los 50 adjetivos de personalidad de la Taxonomía de términos de personalidad en español (TAX 50) de Iraegui Torralbo y Quevedo-Aguado (2002). Los resultados se analizaron mediante análisis factoriales con rotaciones oblicuas y ortogonales, y método de extracción Análisis de Componentes Principales. Resultados: los análisis factoriales con rotación ortogonal mostraron cuatro componentes independientes que explicaban la estructura subyacente a las creencias sobre los prototipos. El componente que más varianza explicaba era combinación de dos factores de la taxonomía TAX 50: Responsabilidad e Integridad. Conclusiones: desde una aproximación léxica, el método utilizado permite conocer la estructura factorial subyacente a las creencias acerca de prototipos de personas responsables e irresponsables. La metodología utilizada ayuda a investigar la contribución de cada uno de los Cinco Grandes factores de personalidad a la descripción lega de prototipos de personas.Background: The dimensional structure underlying the implicit beliefs about two prototypes: responsible and irresponsible person is investigated by means of factor analysis. Method: 520 university students evaluated the degree of adaptation to these prototypes of the 50 personality ad-jectives of the Taxonomy of Personality Terms in Spanish (TAX 50) by Iraegui Torralbo and Quevedo-Aguado (2002). The results were analyzed using factor analysis with oblique and orthogonal rotations, and the Principal Components Analysis extraction method. Results: Factor analyzes with orthogonal rotation showed 4 independent components that explained the structure underlying the beliefs about the prototypes. The component that explained the most variance was the combination of two factors from the TAX 50 taxonomy: Responsibility and Integrity. Conclusions: From a lexical approach, the method used allows us to know the factorial structure underlying the beliefs about prototypes of responsible and irresponsible people. The methodology used helps to investigate the contri-bution of each of the Big Five personality factors to the lay description of prototypes of people

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality