Formation of Students Ability to Understand the Conditions of Physical Problems in the Process of them Solution

В статье обсуждается проблема: как формировать у студентов вуза умение понимать условия физических задач. Цель исследования - обоснование методики обучения студентов умению понимания условий физических задач в процессе их решения.The article discusses the problem: how to form in university students the ability to understand the conditions of physical problems. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology for teaching students the ability to understand the conditions of physical problems in the process of solving them

Persistent low-level variants in a subset of viral genes are highly predictive of poor outcome in immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus infection

ABSTRACT Background Human cytomegalovirus is the most common and serious opportunistic infection after solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this study, we used whole-genome cytomegalovirus data to investigate viral factors associated with the clinical outcome. Methods We sequenced cytomegalovirus samples from 16 immunocompromised paediatric patients with persistent viraemia. 8/16 patients died of complications due to cytomegalovirus infection. We also sequenced samples from 35 infected solid organ adult recipients of whom one died with cytomegalovirus infection. Results We showed that samples from both groups have fixed variants at resistance sites and mixed infections. NGS sequencing also revealed non-fixed variants at resistance sites in most of the patients who died (6/9). A machine learning approach identified 10 genes with non-fixed variants in these patients. These genes formed a viral signature which discriminated patients with cytomegalovirus infection who died from those that survived with high accuracy (AUC=0.96). Lymphocyte numbers for a subset of patients showed no recovery post-transplant in the patients who died. Conclusions We hypothesise that the viral signature identified in this study may be a useful biomarker for poor response to antiviral drug treatment and indirectly for poor T cell function, potentially identifying early, those patients requiring non-pharmacological interventions

Scaling Up: Beyond the Subnational Comparative Method for India

It no longer makes sense to talk of India without analyzing its infra-national diversity. Yet, this article not only argues for the need to build upon but also go beyond the subnational comparative analysis for India. I make three related points.While scholars exploit the variation easily found at the provincial level in India, they must also take their subnational insights and generalize about India as a whole