NOXOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND HUMAN LIFE ACTIVITY SAFETY: RISKS OF MODERN DANGERS

The purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the noxological approach to the definition of mechanisms to counter the risks of modern hazards. Materials and methods: The key ideas of the noxological approach in the framework of this study are environmental preservation and human life-activity safety. The research is based on the methodological principles and leading ideas of environmental protection and human life-activity safety, presented in the context of social ecology, the concept of sustainable development of environmental safety, in the environmental paradigm, in the co-evolutionary paradigm of environmental ethics. Results of the research: The authors attempt to create a theoretical model of noxological approach to countering the risks of modern hazards in environmental preservation and human life-activity safety. The systematization of the basic concepts of the noxological approach as an independent scientific direction is carried out; the regularities and sources of the hazards’ emergency are established; the taxonomy of hazards is determined; the prototype of the hazard passport is justified. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of noxological approach to environmental protection and human life activity safety: risks of modern dangers is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Intralayer magnetic ordering in Ge/Mn digital alloys

We present a first-principles investigation of the electronic properties of Ge/Mn digital alloys obtained by the insertion of Mn monolayers in the Ge host. The main attention is devoted to the study of the magnetic properties of the Mn layers for various types of ordering of the Mn atoms. Depending on the type of Mn position three different structures are considered: substitutional, interstitial, and combined substitutional-interstitial. In all three cases numerical structural relaxation of the atomic positions has been performed. We find that the intralayer exchange parameters depend strongly on the crystal structure. For the substitutional and interstitial types of structure the stable magnetic order was found to be ferromagnetic. For the mixed substitutional-interstitial structure the ferromagnetic configuration appears unstable and a complex ferrimagnetic structure forms. The spin-wave excitations are calculated within the Heisenberg model. The critical temperatures of the magnetic phase transitions are determined using Monte Carlo simulations with interatomic exchange parameters obtained for two different magnetic reference states: a ferromagnetic and a disordered local moment state. © 2011 American Physical Society