Extraction and characterization of fish visceral protease from Carangoides malabaricus and its potential application in detergent and pharmaceutical industries.

Fish viscera have innumerable potential applications being the rich source of digestive enzymes, especially proteases. In order to assess the bio prospecting of fish processing wastes as natural wealth to obtain value added bioactive compounds, the visceral wastes of Carangoides malabaricus were characterized. This study involves the characterization of crude visceral protease extract from C. malabaricus and its potential application as a destainer. The optimum activity and stability of the crude visceral protease was observed at pH 9.0 and 50°C. This alkaline proteolytic crude extract was then tested for its potential application as destainer and it showed better stain removing efficiency. Characterization studies revealed that metal ions like Calcium chloride, surfactants like Tween 20 and SDS, inhibitors like PMSF influenced the activity and stability of the crude Visceral Protease. The present study also inferred that, crude visceral protease enzyme from C. malabaricus along with shrimp shell hydrolysate displayed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (58.11%), Reducing activity (1.89 mg/ml) and Chelating ability (73.6%). As a whole, this study confirmed possible application of Visceral Protease from C. malabaricus in detergent and pharmaceutical industries

Effect of Probiotic Yeast, Sacchromyces cerevisiae on Tissue Biochemical and Carotenoid Variation in Freshwater Ornamental Fish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The present work aims at assessing Bakers’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an efficient and eco-friendly probiotic feed additives for ornamental fish, Carassias auratus. For this study an indoor culture experiment was carried out 300l plastic trough containing 200l water in triplicate. In each tank five fishes at fingerlings stage (1.58 ± 0.14g) were reared for a period of 30 days. An uniform water quality parameters such as temperature (28.0 ± 1.0 0C), pH (7.60 ± 0.12), dissolved oxygen (4.80 ± 0.82mg/l) and ammonia (< 0.08 mg/l) were maintained. The results inferred that, the percentage increase in the biochemical constituents in both skin and muscle tissue of C. auratus received 2% yeast added diet (EDY2) registered higher values when compared to control and other experimental diets fed fishes. The total carotenoid content in the acetone extracted skin tissues of C. auratus fed with 2% yeast supplemented diet varied from 0.748+  0.042 in 0 day to 0.944 + 0.014 µg/g wet tissue on 30th day of experiment. Likewise, in the muscle tissue of C. auratus extracted with acetone, the total carotenoid varied from 0.376+0.014 (0 day) to 0.541 + 0.008 µg/g wet tissue (30 day). The carotenoid content of both the tested tissues on methanol extract was low, when compared with acetone extract. The overall results inferred that S. cerevisiae supplementation @ 2g/ 100g diet distingly altered the carcass composition of C. auratus and also the accumulation of cartenoids in skin and muscle tissues. S. cerevisiae contains bioactive lead molecules, which accelerated the vital physical and metabolic activities in host fish species