A simple quantum cosmology

A simple and surprisingly realistic model of the origin of the universe can be developed using the Friedmann equation from general relativity, elementary quantum mechanics, and the experimental values of h, c, G and the proton mass. The model assumes there are N space dimensions (with N > 6) and the potential constraining the radius r of the invisible N -3 compact dimensions varies as r^4. In this model, the universe has zero total energy and is created from nothing. There is no initial singularity. If space-time is eleven dimensional, as required by M theory, the scalar field corresponding to the size of the compact dimensions inflates the universe by about 26 orders of magnitude (60 e-folds). If the Hubble constant is 65 km/sec Mpc, the energy density of the scalar field after inflation results in Omega-sub-Lambda = 0.68, in agreement with recent astrophysical observations.Comment: To be published in General Relativity and Gravitation, August 200

Simple quantum cosmology: Vacuum energy and initial state

A static non-singular 10-dimensional closed Friedmann universe of Planck size, filled with a perfect fluid with an equation of state with w = -2/3, can arise spontaneously by a quantum fluctuation from nothing in 11-dimensional spacetime. A quantum transition from this state can initiate the inflationary quantum cosmology outlined in Ref. 2 [General Relativity and Gravitation 33, 1415, 2001 - gr-qc/0103021]. With no fine-tuning, that cosmology predicts about 60 e-folds of inflation and a vacuum energy density depending only on the number of extra space dimensions (seven), G, h, c and the ratio between the strength of gravity and the strength of the strong force. The fraction of the total energy in the universe represented by this vacuum energy depends on the Hubble constant. Hubble constant estimates from WMAP, SDSS, the Hubble Key Project and Sunyaev-Zeldovich and X-ray flux measurements range from 60 to 72 km/(Mpc sec). With a mid-range Hubble constant of 65 km/(Mpc sec), the model in Ref. 2 predicts Omega-sub-Lambda = 0.7Comment: To be published in General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 37, May 2005. 5 pages, no figure

Hubungan Antara Derajat Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Dengan Nilai Agregasi Trombosit Di Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

Chronic kidney disease has got a lot of attention and more widely studied despite reached end stage renal failure, patients still live a long life witha fairly good quality of life although the prevalence is increases throughout the year. one of the circumstances in chronic kidney disease is uremia which is a clinical and laboratory syndrome that occurs inorgans. In uremia interference with platelet function, the production ofprostacyclinin blood vesselswould increase, and excessurea levels in blood would be a potential vasodilator and platelet aggregation antagonist. Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study. Samples were patients that diagnosed with chronic kidney disease at the Hospital Clinic of Nephrology-Hypertension Prof. Dr.R. D.Kandou Manado in December toFebruary 2014. Criteria included were patients <80 years old and has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease in this case had done a physical examination and investigations by doctors, using medical record of urea-creatinine and also a complete blood countand platelet aggregation in Prokita Laboratory Manado. Forstatistical analysisusedShapiro-Wilk testalsoPearsonCorrelationstest. Result: There were 20 patients with chronic kidney disease sampled in this study. It was found that there is a relationship between of urea-creatinine and aggregation results in trace ADP5(P=0.004) while the value ADP10 no significant correlation(P =0.399). Conclusion: In chronic kidney disease patients, urea-creatininewiththe value of platelet aggregation intrace ADP5had a relation ship while intrace ADP10 had not a relationship

Hitung Jenis Leukosit Pada Pasien Anak Dengan Infeksi Virus Dengue Di Manado

: Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. The decreasing leukocytes can be found between the third and eighth day with normal differential telling. The number of granulocytes decreases on the third until the eighth day. This study used a cross-sectional design. esearch. Samples were children with dengue virus infection at Wolter Mongisidi Hospital, Advent Hospital, and Pancaran Kasih Hospital in Manado from December 2014 until January 2015. There were 36 children as samples. The results showed that 48.6% of samples had increases of basophils, 54% had decreases of eosinophils, 64.8% had decreases of neutrophils, 54% had increases of lymphocytes, and 59.4% had increases of monocytes. Conclusion: In this study, most of the children with dengue viral infection had decreased number of neutrophil

Perbandingan Nilai Agregasi Trombosit Pada Pasien Hipertensi Yang Diberi Aspirin Dan Tidak Diberi Aspirin Di Rsup. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Thrombocyte hyperaggregation occurs in hypertensive patients. Thrombocyte accumulates and thrombi formation caused by hyperaggregation are important factors in pathogenesis of cardiovaskular and cerebrovascular disease. Around 50 million people consume aspirin everyday to treat or to prevent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. The use of aspirin known can increase bleeding risk especially when trauma occurs or intraoperative, but inhypertensive patients50 or over 50 years old, the benefit of aspirin can be greater then the bleeding risk it carries. Method: This study used comparative study, which compared thrombocyte aggregation value in hypertensive patients with aspirin and without aspirin. The tools that used for thrombocyte aggregation examination is an aggregometer and the data analysis is done by using SPSS software. Result: The difference value of thrombocyte aggregation in hypertensive patients with aspirin and without aspirin used T 2 independent samples test gave significant for ADP 10 µM and 5 µM(p <0.05), respectively 0.001 and 0.01. Conclusion: There is a difference between thrombocyte aggregation value in hypertensive patients with aspirin and without aspirin. Mean value ofthrombocyte aggregation in hypertensive patients with aspirin is lower than hypertensive patients without aspirin

Hierarchy and Wave Functions in a Simple Quantum Cosmology

Astrophysical observations indicate the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Applying the holographic entropy conjecture to the cosmological horizon in an accelerating universe suggests the universe has only a finite number of degrees of freedom. This is consistent with a closed universe arising from a quantum fluctuation, with zero total quantum numbers. If space-time has eleven dimensions, and the universe began as a closed force-symmetric ten-dimensional space with characteristic dimension L, seven of the space dimensions must have collapsed to generate the three large space dimensions we see. The holographic conjecture then suggests the initial length scale L must be roughly twenty orders of magnitude larger than the Planck length. Accordingly, the nuclear force must be roughly forty orders of magnitude stronger than gravity, possibly resolving the force hierarchy problem. A wavefunction for the radius of curvature of the universe can be obtained from the Schrodinger equation derived by Elbaz and Novello. The product of this wavefunction and its complex conjugate can be interpreted as the probability density for finding a given radius of curvature in one of the infinity of measurements of the radius of curvature possible (in principle) at any location in a homogeneous isotropic universe.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, abstract corrected to insert omitted word