MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA - OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS

The purpose of the paper is to analyze and to assess the status of the multifunctional agriculture in Bulgaria and on the basis of the attitudes of the agricultural producers to develop such activity to suggest trends for strengthening their adaptation to CAP conditions. The paper presents the main results from a scientific research of a team from the University of National and World Economy, Department “Economy of Natural Resources”, Agribusiness Section - Sofia, Bulgaria (2006-2007).multifunctional agriculture, multifunctional agricultural holding, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Development of Agrarian Structures in Bulgaria: From Productive Cooperatives to Sole Traders and Partnerships

The aim of the paper is to analyze the reasons for the still continuing organizational restructuring and for the transition of Bulgarian agriculture from collective cooperative forms to prevailing sole proprietors and small size collective partnerships based on stake principle. The conclusions and assessments in the paper are based on the data from 2003 Census of agricultural holdings and on results from two research regional projects: "The Land-leasing model of agriculture in Dobrich region" and "Integrated development of rural regions in Haskovo area".agricultural productive cooperatives, partnerships, sole proprietors, Agribusiness,

THE LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROBLEMS OF PRODUCTION COOPERATIVE IN BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE

In the paper are depicted the lessons and the problems of functioning and restructuring of cooperative structures in agricultural sector in Bulgaria during the pre-accession period (1995- 2006). The unsolved institutional and legislative problems of these structures are shown in details. The purpose of the paper is to analyze and assess the status of the cooperative structures active in the agriculture and to offer concrete suggestions for their further adaptation to the EU legislation implemented in this area.agricultural cooperatives, EU accession, CAP implementation, Agribusiness,

On the Unitarity of D=9,10,11 Conformal Supersymmetry

We consider the unitarity of D=9,10,11 conformal supersymmetry using the recently established classification of the UIRs of the superalgebras osp(1|2n,R).Comment: 7 pages, LATEX2e{czjphys} (amsmath,amssymb); v3: important corrections, Plenary talk by VKD at the XIII Colloquium "Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems", Prague, 17-19.6.2004; to appear in Czech. J. Phys.; v4: small corrections to coincide with journal versio

AMMOS: A Software Platform to Assist in silico Screening

Three software packages based on the common platform of AMMOS (Automated Molecular Mechanics Optimization tool for in silico Screening) for assisting virtual ligand screening purposes have been recently developed. DG-AMMOS allows generation of 3D conformations of small molecules using distance geometry and molecular mechanics optimization. AMMOS_SmallMol is a package for structural refinement of compound collections that can be used prior to docking experiments. AMMOS_ProtLig is a package for energy minimization of protein-ligand complexes. It performs an automatic procedure for molecular mechanics minimization at different levels of flexibility - from rigid to fully flexible structures of both the ligand and the receptor. The packages have been tested on small molecules with a high structural diversity and proteins binding sites of completely different geometries and physicochemical properties. The platform is developed as an open source software and can be used in a broad range of in silico drug design studies

Comparison of 30 THz impulsive burst time development to microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and GOES soft X-rays

The recent discovery of impulsive solar burst emission in the 30 THz band is raising new interpretation challenges. One event associated with a GOES M2 class flare has been observed simultaneously in microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and soft X-ray bands. Although these new observations confirm some features found in the two prior known events, they exhibit time profile structure discrepancies between 30 THz, microwaves, and hard X-rays (as inferred from the Neupert effect). These results suggest a more complex relationship between 30 THz emission and radiation produced at other wavelength ranges. The multiple frequency emissions in the impulsive phase are likely to be produced at a common flaring site lower in the chromosphere. The 30 THz burst emission may be either part of a nonthermal radiation mechanism or due to the rapid thermal response to a beam of high-energy particles bombarding the dense solar atmosphere.Comment: accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysic

Production of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts obtained from an ultrafiltered cow’s milk

peer reviewedUltrafiltration of skim cow’s milk with a UF10-PAN membrane at volume reduction ratios (VRRs) of 2 and 3 was performed. The ultrafiltration retentates obtained were used for production of probiotic yoghurts with three different starters. A control sample was prepared using skim cow’s milk. All yoghurts were analysed according to the following parameters: titratable acidity, dry matter, organoleptic characteristics, number of specific microorganisms (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) and the total count of viable lactic acid bacteria for 28 d of storage. The results showed that the increase in the VRR during ultrafiltration increased the titratable acidity, as well as the dry matter of all yoghurts. Ultrafiltration concentration led to an increase in the count of viable lactic acid bacteria in all yoghurts which improved their functional properties. The highest values of the total number of viable lactic acid bacteria were determined in yoghurts obtained with starter 1CM, followed by starters MZ2 and ZD for both VRRs. Probiotic yoghurts with the highest organoleptic evaluation were obtained from ultrafiltration retentates at VRR = 2 and starters 1CM and MZ2

Efficiency of plant proteases bromelain and papain on turkey meat tenderness

The main subject of study is the effect the plant proteases bromelain and papain exert on turkey meat tenderness. Experiments are conducted with samples of raw meat in 3 different concentration levels of the enzyme solutions (50U/ml 100U/ml and 200 U/ml) and in 3 different time periods (duration) of treatment (24 h, 48 h, 72h). An increase in enzyme concentration and treatment duration results in a higher degree of protein hydrolysis in the turkey meat. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis with minimal loss of protein and highest retention of organoleptic qualities of the meat samples are established