Разработка алгоритма роботизированного устройства точного внесения средств защиты растений

The existing range of plant identification methods and tools is considered limited in real agrotechnical tasks. The image parameters tend to differ significantly in applied solutions. (Research purpose) To develop an algorithm for crop plant recognition by a robotic device using a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (R-CNN) and deep learning technology. (Materials and methods) A robotic device has been developed for variable rate application of plant protection products able to recognize both useful crops and weeds, determine the area of processing, namely the coordinates of the processing center and the processing radius. Mask R-CNN and Deeplabv3 plus segmenting neural networks were chosen for crop (white head cabbage) detection. The network-based algorithm detects, segments, and positions plants based on a dataset collected in the image-mask and COCO dataset formats. The data set was formed by aerial photography using an unmanned aircraft. The original images are taken by Xiaovv HD Web USB 150 degree Full HD 1080P webcam and Logitech C270 HD 720p webcam. The trained neural network for the robotic device was installed on the Nvidia Jetson AGX Xavier platform. (Results and discussion) As a result of assessing the accuracy of the model on the test data, the following values were obtained: the number of plants detected is 98 percent, the accuracy of contour detection is 94 percent. (Conclusions) It is proved that the trained neural network can be applied to any cultivated crops, taking into account the heterogeneity of their location in the field, soil types, and the percentage of weeds. As a result, the model is trained to extract the bounding box coordinates and the object (cabbage) location by pixels with the required accuracy for both synthetic and real data.Показали, что широкий спектр методик и инструментов для идентификации растений ограничен в реальных агротехнических задачах. Отметили, что параметры изображений сильно отличаются в прикладных решениях. (Цель исследования) Разработать алгоритм распознавания культурных растений роботизированным устройством, основанный на современном методе глубокого обучения с использованием сверточной нейронной сети R-CNN. (Материалы и методы) Создали роботизированное устройство для дифференцированного внесения средств защиты растений, которое способно распознавать полезную культуру и сорную растительность, определять площадь обработки по координатам центра и рдиусу. Для обнаружения сельскохозяйственной культуры (белокочанной капусты) выбрали сегментирующие нейронные сети Mask R-CNN и Deeplabv3 plus. Алгоритм на основе данных сетей обнаруживает, сегментирует и позиционирует растения на основе набора данных, собранных в форматах «изображение – маска» и COCO dataset. Набор данных формировали путем аэросъемки с помощью беспилотного воздушного судна. Исходные изображения получили от веб-камеры Xiaovv HD Web USB с углом съемки 150 градусов, разрешением Full HD 1080P и веб-камеры Logitech C270 с разрешением HD 720p. Обученную нейронную сеть для роботизированного устройства установили на платформу Nvidia Jetson AGX Xavier. (Результаты и обсуждение) В результате оценки точности модели на тестовых данных получили следующие значения: количество найденных растений – 98 процентов, точность выделения контура – 94 процента. (Выводы) Доказали, что обученную нейронную сеть можно применять к любым выращиваемым культурам, учитывая неоднородность их расположения на поле, типы почвы, количество сорной растительности. По итогу модель обучили извлекать координаты ограничительной рамки и местоположение объекта (капусты) по пикселям с требуемой точностью как для синтетических, так и для реальных данных

Current and future use of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19

There are prerequisites for the use of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 in stationary conditions. Remdesivir is not registered in the Russian Federation. The preliminary results of randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of remission are contradictory

Is it possible to use riamilovir to prevent infection and treat COVID-19?

Routine clinical use of riamilovir in COVID-19 is not recommended. The use of riamilovir is possible in clinical trials

THE CURRENT STRESS OF EARTH'S CRUST IN THE TERRITORY OF UZBEKISTAN ACCORDING TO FOCAL EARTHQUAKE MECHANISMS

The current stress of Earth's crust in the territory of Uzbekistan has been studied using a focal earthquake mechanisms catalogue that includes the data provided by many authors. Stress reconstructions are based on the cataclastic analysis of displacements along fractures. For reconstructing the stress state at different depths of the crust in several seismically active regions of the study area, we consider a minimum number of earthquakes in a homogeneous sample equal to 6 and an averaging radius of 10 to 30 km within a single domain. The azimuths and dip angles of the principal stress axes, Lode – Nadai coefficients, geodynamic types of stress modes, relative (normalized to rock strength) values of maximum shear stresses, and effective pressure values are determined. Maps showing the spatial distribution of the studied parameters are constructed for both the entire seismically active layer and the depth layers. Stress fields are reconstructed and compared at two hierarchical levels based on the parameters of focal mechanisms of weak and moderate earthquakes (М≤4.5) and those of strong (М≥5.0) earthquakes. "Tectonic Stresses of Eurasia", the Internet resource created by IPE RAS, is used to visualize the stress field reconstructed from the data on strong (М≥5.0) earthquakes

Current and future use of aminodihydrophthalazindione sodium in patients with COVID-19, including for «cytokine storm» therapy

There are no data on the clinical efficacy of the preparation containing sodium aminodihydrophthalazindione in «cytokine storm», including in patients with COVID-19. Protocols of planned or ongoing clinical trials of a preparation containing sodium aminodihydrophthalazindione at COVID-19 have not been found. The use of sodium aminodihydrophthalazindione in the treatment of COVID-19 is possible only in clinical trials

Current and future use of dipyridamole in patients with COVID-19

Current use of dipyridamole in COVID-19 is mainly based on its antithrombotic activity, since there is no robust clinical effectiveness data. The decision to use dipyridamole in COVID-19 should be individualized, considering the experimental nature of this treatment

What are the indications for combined use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, and how should treatment safety monitoring be performed?

Some guidelines describe combined use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir as one of the treatment alternatives for severe COVID-19, yet this treatment is not preferable. It requires careful consideration of possible interactions with other drugs, monitoring of cardiotoxicity (including QT-interval measurement), and hepatotoxicity (measurement of ASAT/ ALAT)

Surgical treatment of the ascending aorta giant aneurysm

We shared our experience of surgical treatment of a giant aneurysm of the ascending aorta (11 cm) in a female patient with bicuspid valve, arterial hypertension and severe obesity.  We performed aortic valve replacement and supracoronary prosthetic replacement of ascending aorta.  She showed improvement in clinical status, echocardiography, and was discharged and followed up for 5 months after operation. Control computed tomography angiography demonstrated functioning aortic prosthetic graft

Influence temperature and strong magnetic field on oscillations of density of energy states in heterostructures with quantum wells Hgcdte/Cdhgte

For the first time, the influence of temperature and a transverse strong magnetic field on the oscillations of the density of energy states is studied in the conduction band of heterostructures with quantum wells HgCdTe/CdHgTe. Analytical expressions are derived for oscillations of the density of states in quantum-dimensional heterostructural materials in the presence of transverse quantizing magnetic fields with a parabolic dispersion law. A new mathematical model has been developed for calculating the temperature dependence of the density of states oscillations in nanosized heterostructural materials under the action of a transverse quantizing magnetic field

Temperature dependence of width band gap in Inxga1-Xasquantum well in presence of transverse strong magnetic field

This article investigated the temperature dependence of the width band gap in InxGa1-xAs quantum well in the presence of a transverse strong magnetic field. A new method was proposed for determining the width band gap of GaAs/InxGa1-xAs heterostructures based on a InxGa1-xAs quantum well in the presence of a magnetic field and temperature. An analytical expression is obtained for calculating the width band gap of a rectangular quantum well at various magnetic fields and temperatures