Modeling the Dynamics of Compromised Networks

Accurate predictive models of compromised networks would contribute greatly to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the detection and control of network attacks. Compartmental epidemiological models have been applied to modeling attack vectors such as viruses and worms. We extend the application of these models to capture a wider class of dynamics applicable to cyber security. By making basic assumptions regarding network topology we use multi-group epidemiological models and reaction rate kinetics to model the stochastic evolution of a compromised network. The Gillespie Algorithm is used to run simulations under a worst case scenario in which the intruder follows the basic connection rates of network traffic as a method of obfuscation

The Motor Fuel Tax Evasion Issue in Kentucky

Tax evasion is an elusive and burgeoning problem. Methods of tax evasion are continually changing and adapting to new methods of tax enforcement. However, there are strategies that can reduce the potential loss due to fuel tax evasion. This study of fuel tax evasion in Kentucky and the southeastern states provides additional information regarding the causes and nature of the road fund tax evasion problem, and identifies state and federal/state efforts to mitigate the tax evasion challenge. The concepts, issues, and recommendations in this report can aid in reducing evasion of the Kentucky motor fuels tax., thereby, enhancing the efficiency and equity in the administration of the motor fuels tax and increase the resources collected in the Kentucky Road Fund

Network Traffic Monitoring Using Poisson Dynamic Linear Models

Abstract not provide

Compatibility studies of several molten uranium and thorium alloys in niobium, tantalum, and yttrium

Niobium, tantalum, yttrium, and Inconel have been used to contain molten aluminum, lead, tin, zinc, and several of their respective uranium and thorium alloys for various times up to 3000 hours and at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100° C. Altogether 76 capsule tests were run, almost all in a static isothermal condition. Tantalum showed the best resistance followed by niobium, Inconel, and yttrium respectively. The systems, lead in tantalum and lead in niobium, showed the greatest potentials for possible liquid-metal fuel carrier systems. An alloy of uranium-bismuth-tin contained in tantalum also exhibited promising possibilities . The tabulated test data include a classification of the type of corrosion attack which occurred and a measured value of the amount of corrosive penetration. Each test was also given an arbitrary rating for easy reference comparisons. A number of photomicrographs are included for each set of tests

Legislation Review and Recommendations to Reduce Evasion of Kentucky Road Fund Revenues

Kentucky, like other states, is facing fiscal challenges in providing expanding public services demanded by citizens. One danger of constrained fiscal resources and shortsighted political horizons is the tendency to neglect the investment and maintenance of long-term infrastructures like highways. The Kentucky road fund protects against these dangers by providing earmarked resources for the state\u27s roadways, insuring that basic infrastructure needs are met. However, evasion of road fund revenues decreases the funds available to meet the needs of Kentucky\u27s transportation infrastructure. For these reasons, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet is interested in developing policy recommendations intended to mitigate evasion of road fund revenues. This report compliments the final report The Motor Fuel Tax Evasion Issue in Kentucky, 1996 (KYSPR 93-153) which identifies potential concerns in the nature and causes of road fund tax evasion. This current study constitutes an informal report that is complimentary to research report KTC-96-16. Moreover, it provides additional detail regarding the legislative action that addresses fuel tax evasion in the southern region. This report also develops estimates of the revenues lost through evasion in vehicle registration and licensing in the Commonwealth. The Federal Highway Trust and the Kentucky road fund were established to provide earmarked resources for maintaining and building federal and state roadways. Two major sources of the revenues for the Kentucky road fund are the motor fuels tax and vehicle licensing and registration fees/taxes. Evasion of these revenues diminishes the resources available to maintaining and building state roadways. There are three studies that have estimated the fuel tax revenue lost through evasion. The U.S. Department of Transportation estimated that evasion of the gasoline tax is between three and seven percent of the gallons consumed nationally, while diesel fuel tax evasion is 15 to 25 percent of gallons consumed nationally. Evidence of fuel tax evasion is provided in the Council of State Governments (CSG) study that estimated nearly 1.2 billion dollars of aggregate state fuel tax revenue was evaded in fiscal year 1993. Estimates of the fuel tax evasion occurring in Kentucky are provided in the KTC final report The Motor Fuel Tax Evasion Issue in Kentucky (1996). This study estimates that up to 20 million dollars of Kentucky fuel tax revenue was potentially evaded in fiscal year 1993. Estimates of revenue lost through evasion of vehicle registration and licensing are less common. The CSG report estimated that between 421 to 654 million dollars of aggregate state revenue from licensing and registration were evaded in fiscal year 1993. Similar analysis is applied to obtain the evasion losses of Kentucky vehicle registration and the associated ad valorem taxes as reported in Appendix B. The estimation predicts that over 239 thousand vehicles were unregistered in Kentucky in 1994, resulting in a road fund revenue loss that approach 50 million dollars

The response of Monoterpenes to Different Enzyme Preparations in Gewürztraminer (Vitis vinifera L.) Wines

The α-terpineol, linalool, nerol and geraniol, which are the main aromatic monoterpenes in the grapevine varietyGewürztraminer, were determined in the grapes, must and wine after treatment with six different pectolytic enzymes[Lallzyme-β (‘Lall’); Rohavin VR-C (‘VRX’), Rohapect D5L (‘D5L’), Rohavin MX (‘MX’), Rohapect VRC (‘VRC’),Endozym cultivar A (‘Cult. A’)], and after treatment with β-glucosidase (βG, EC 3.2.1.21). The concentrations ofmonoterpenic compounds were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The most abundantmonoterpene in the grapes of Gewürztraminer was geraniol (66.7 μg/L), followed by nerol (13.3 μg/L), α-terpineol(7.8 μg/L) and finally linalool (3.3 μg/L). Gewürztraminer wine from must treated with the Lall enzyme preparationwas the most aromatic, which was also confirmed by chemical and sensory analysis in which the concentrations ofnerol (45.9 μg/L), geraniol (31.8 μg/L), α-terpineol (10.5 μg/L) and linalool (6.1 μg/L) were determined. The winesproduced from must treated chemically with enzymes showed higher concentrations of many of the monoterpenecompounds compared to the control, although the sensorial analysis did not affirm this convincingly