285 research outputs found
Measurement of the drift field in the ARGONTUBE LAr TPC with 266~nm pulsed laser beams
ARGONTUBE is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr TPC) with a drift
field generated in-situ by a Greinacher voltage multiplier circuit. We present
results on the measurement of the drift-field distribution inside ARGONTUBE
using straight ionization tracks generated by an intense UV laser beam. Our
analysis is based on a simplified model of the charging of a multi-stage
Greinacher circuit to describe the voltages on the field cage rings
A method to suppress dielectric breakdowns in liquid argon ionization detectors for cathode to ground distances of several millimeters
We present a method to reach electric field intensity as high as 400 kV/cm in
liquid argon for cathode-ground distances of several millimeters. This can be
achieved by suppressing field emission from the cathode, overcoming limitations
that we reported earlier
On the Electric Breakdown in Liquid Argon at Centimeter Scale
We present a study on the dependence of electric breakdown discharge
properties on electrode geometry and the breakdown field in liquid argon near
its boiling point. The measurements were performed with a spherical cathode and
a planar anode at distances ranging from 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm. A detailed study of
the time evolution of the breakdown volt-ampere characteristics was performed
for the first time. It revealed a slow streamer development phase in the
discharge. The results of a spectroscopic study of the visible light emission
of the breakdowns complement the measurements. The light emission from the
initial phase of the discharge is attributed to electro-luminescence of liquid
argon following a current of drifting electrons. These results contribute to
set benchmarks for breakdown-safe design of ionization detectors, such as
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr TPC).Comment: Minor revision according to editor report. 17 pages, 15 figures, 2
tables. Turboencabulato
ArCLight - a Compact Dielectric Large-Area Photon Detector
ArCLight is a novel device for detecting scintillation light over large areas
with Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) of the order of a few percent. Its
robust technological design allows for efficient use in large-volume particle
detectors, such as Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) or liquid
scintillator detectors. Due to its dielectric structure it can be placed inside
volumes with high electric field. It could potentially replace vacuum
PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMTs) in applications where high PDE is not required.
The photon detection efficiency for a 10x10cm2 detector prototype was measured
to be in the range of 0.8% to 2.2% across the active area
Experimental study of electric breakdowns in liquid argon at centimeter scale
In this paper we present results on measurements of the dielectric strength
of liquid argon near its boiling point and cathode-anode distances in the range
of 0.1 mm to 40 mm with spherical cathode and plane anode. We show that at such
distances the applied electric field at which breakdowns occur is as low as 40
kV/cm. Flash-overs across the ribbed dielectric of the high voltage
feed-through are observed for a length of 300 mm starting from a voltage of 55
kV. These results contribute to set reference for the breakdown-free design of
ionization detectors, such as Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr TPC)
First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) have been selected for the
future long-baseline Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). To allow
LArTPCs to operate in the high-multiplicity near detector environment of DUNE,
a new charge readout technology is required. Traditional charge readout
technologies introduce intrinsic ambiguities, combined with a slow detector
response, these ambiguities have limited the performance of LArTPCs, until now.
Here, we present a novel pixelated charge readout that enables the full 3D
tracking capabilities of LArTPCs. We characterise the signal to noise ratio of
charge readout chain, to be about 14, and demonstrate track reconstruction on
3D space points produced by the pixel readout. This pixelated charge readout
makes LArTPCs a viable option for the DUNE near detector complex.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
The value of Statistical Shape Models to Spine Surgery
The increased use of 3D models of organs or bones by the surgeon has lead to rapid development of new methods to automaKze model generaKon
Outcomes of care during the last month of life: a systematic review to inform the development of a core outcome set.
BACKGROUND
To date, there is a lack of standardization and consensus on which outcomes are central to assess the care provided to patients in the last month of life. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to identify relevant outcomes to inform the development of a core outcome set for the best care for the dying person.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of outcomes reported in the scientific literature about the care for the dying person in the last month of life. We searched for peer-reviewed studies published before February 2022 in four electronic databases. To categorise the outcomes, we employed the taxonomy developed by the "Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials" collaboration.
RESULTS
Out of the 2,933 articles retrieved, 619 were included for analyses. The majority of studies (71%) were retrospective and with data extracted from chart reviews (71%) . We extracted 1,951 outcomes in total, from which, after deletion of repeated outcomes, we identified 256 unique ones. The most frequently assessed outcomes were those related to medication or therapeutic interventions and those to hospital/ healthcare use. Outcomes related to psychosocial wellbeing were rarely assessed. The closer to death, the less frequently the outcomes were studied.
CONCLUSIONS
Most outcomes were related to medical interventions or to hospital use. Only a few studies focused on other components of integrated care such as psychosocial aspects. It remains to be defined which of these outcomes are fundamental to achieve the best care for the dying
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