Magnetization patterns in ferromagnetic nano-elements as functions of complex variable

Assumption of certain hierarchy of soft ferromagnet energy terms, realized in small enough flat nano-elements, allows to obtain explicit expressions for their magnetization distributions. By minimising the energy terms sequentially, from most to the least important, magnetization distributions are expressed as solutions of Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem for a function of complex variable. A number of free parameters, corresponding to positions of vortices and anti-vortices, still remain in the expression. These parameters can be found by computing and minimizing the total magnetic energy of the particle with no approximations. Thus, the presented approach is a factory of realistic Ritz functions for analytical micromagnetic calculations. These functions are so versatile, that they may even find applications on their own (e.g. for fitting magnetic microscopy images). Examples are given for multi-vortex magnetization distributions in circular cylinder, and for 2-dimensional domain walls in thin magnetic strips.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 refs added, fixed typo

ВПЛИВ БЮДЖЕТНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

One of the current problems of using budget instruments of support and stimulation of regional development is their low efficiency, which requires the improvement of existing ones and introduction of other, more rational ones. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of current budget instrument on indicators of regional development, with the help of economic and mathematical modeling, in order to determine their effectiveness and to provide recommendations for introduction of more effective instruments of support and stimulation of regional development. The article shows the influence of budget instruments on such indicators of regional development as capital investment at the expense of own funds of enterprises and organizations, the unemployed population, the volume of industrial production (goods, services) that have been sold, the volume of construction works. The results of the modelling have shown that the main influence on the exemined indicators of regional development is made by capital investment using the state budget, in particular, on increasing the volume of construction works, the volume of industrial production sold and the volume of capital investments at the expense of enterprises and organizations' own funds, which is related to the direction of such state investments, namely infrastructure projects. Nevertheless, capital investment at the expense of local fundsbudgets have only a small effect on the growth of capital investment using their own funds of enterprises and organizations.The insignificant influence of the studied budget instruments on indicators of regional developmentis proved, which refers to their low efficiency, and highlights the need to improve the budget instruments of support for regional development and focus on the fiscal stimulation instruments for the effective use of the internal resource of the regions (using the grandees by communities and attracting investment in development of the territory). Recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the use of such a budget instrument as the State Fund for Regional Development are given.Определено влияние бюджетных инструментов на такие показатели регионального развития, как капитальные инвестиции за счет собственных средств предприятий и организаций, безработное население, объём реализованной промышленной продукции (товаров, услуг), объём выполненных строительных работ, с целью определения их эффективности. Результаты исследования демонстрируют незначительное влияние исследуемых бюджетных инструментов на показатели регионального развития, что указывает на их низкую эффективность и говорит о необходимости совершенствования бюджетных инструментов поддержки регионального развития и концентрации внимания на инструментах бюджетного стимулирования эффективного использования внутреннего ресурса регионов (использование общинами грандов и привлечения инвестиций в развитие территории). Даны рекомендации по повышению эффективности применения такого бюджетного инструмента, как государственный фонд регионального развития.Однією із сучасних проблем застосування бюджетних інструментів підтримки та стимулювання регіонального розвитку є їхня низька ефективність, що зумовлює потребу в удосконаленні наявних і запровадженні інших, більш раціональних. Метою статті є визначення за допомогою економіко-математичного моделювання впливу нині застосованих бюджетних інструментів на показники регіонального розвитку для визначення їхньої ефективності та надання рекомендацій щодо запровадження більш ефективних інструментів підтримки і стимулювання регіонального розвитку. Визначено вплив бюджетних інструментів на такі показники регіонального розвитку, як капітальні інвестиції за рахунок власних коштів підприємств та організацій, безробітне населення, обсяг реалізованої промислової продукції (товарів, послуг), обсяг виконаних будівельних робіт. Результати моделювання продемонстрували, що основний вплив на досліджувані показники регіонального розвитку справляють саме капітальні інвестиції за рахунок коштів державного бюджету, зокрема на збільшення обсягу будівельних робіт, обсягу реалізованої промислової продукції та обсягу капітальних інвестицій за рахунок власних коштів підприємств та організацій, що пов’язано з напрямом спрямування таких державних інвестицій, а саме інфраструктурні проекти. Натомість капітальні інвестиції за рахунок коштів місцевих бюджетів мають лише незначний вплив на зростання обсягу капітальних інвестицій за рахунок власних коштів підприємств та організацій. Доведено незначний вплив досліджуваних бюджетних інструментів на показники регіонального розвитку, що вказує на їхню низьку ефективність і говорять про необхідність вдосконалення бюджетних інструментів підтримки регіонального розвитку та концентрації уваги на інструментах бюджетного стимулювання ефективного використання внутрішнього ресурсу регіонів (використання громадами грандів і залучення інвестицій до розвитку території). Надано рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності застосування такого бюджетного інструменту, як державний фонд регіонального розвитку

Comment on ``Density-matrix renormalization-group method for excited states''

In a Physical Review B paper Chandross and Hicks claim that an analysis of the density-density correlation function in the dimerised Hubbard model of polyacetylene indicates that the optical exciton is bound, and that a previous study by Boman and Bursill that concluded otherwise was incorrect due to numerical innacuracy. We show that the method used in our original paper was numerically sound and well established in the literature. We also show that, when the scaling with lattice size is analysed, the interpretation of the density-density correlation function adopted by Chandross and Hicks in fact implies that the optical exciton is unbound.Comment: RevTeX, 10 pages, 4 eps figures fixed and included now in tex

Hygienic evaluation of effectiveness of drinking water purification facilities in Saratov institutions of social significance

The purpose of the given work was studying of overall performance of the local equipments on water treating, both on superficial, and on underground sources of water supply. Material and metods. In research 60 assays of water from various superficial, underground reservoirs and planting system of water supply of the Saratov region have been selected and 900 definitions of the maintenance of chemical substances are spent. Results. Priority pollutants of underground waters in the Saratov and Fedorovsky districts of the Saratov region, it are established: rigidity salts, iron. For superficial sources of the same districts of area it: iron, manganese, Phenolum, Natrii phosphases. Water of open reservoirs also didn»t satisfy on organoleptic indicators and indicators of processes of self-cleaning. Efficiency of water-purifying constructions of Fedorovsky district, has appeared low. Water from underground sources got to the consumer without passage through water-purifying constructions. The conclusion: 1) water of underground and superficial reservoirs of rural settlements of the Saratov region has adverse organoleptic indicators and contains chemical pollution in the concentration exceeding maximum permissible; 2) efficiency of rural water-purifying constructions doesn»t allow to spend water treating according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01; 3) application of the local equipments on potable water clearing has allowed to achieve reception on an exit from them the quality corresponding to demands SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01

Desert dust deposition on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains, Russia in 2009-2012 as recorded in snow and shallow ice core: high-resolution "provenancing", transport patterns, physical properties and soluble ionic composition

A record of dust deposition events between 2009 and 2012 on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains derived from a snow pit and a shallow ice core is presented for the first time for this region. A combination of isotopic analysis, SEVIRI red-green-blue composite imagery, MODIS atmospheric optical depth fields derived using the Deep Blue algorithm, air mass trajectories derived using the HYSPLIT model and analysis of meteorological data enabled identification of dust source regions with high temporal (hours) and spatial (cf. 20–100 km) resolution. Seventeen dust deposition events were detected; fourteen occurred in March–June, one in February and two in October. Four events originated in the Sahara, predominantly in north-eastern Libya and eastern Algeria. Thirteen events originated in the Middle East, in the Syrian Desert and northern Mesopotamia, from a mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources. Dust transportation from Sahara was associated with vigorous Saharan depressions, strong surface winds in the source region and mid-tropospheric south-westerly flow with daily winds speeds of 20–30 m s−1 at 700 hPa level and, although these events were less frequent, they resulted in higher dust concentrations in snow. Dust transportation from the Middle East was associated with weaker depressions forming over the source region, high pressure centered over or extending towards the Caspian Sea and a weaker southerly or south-easterly flow towards the Caucasus Mountains with daily wind speeds of 12–18 m s−1 at 700 hPa level. Higher concentrations of nitrates and ammonium characterise dust from the Middle East deposited on Mt. Elbrus in 2009 indicating contribution of anthropogenic sources. The modal values of particle size distributions ranged between 1.98 μm and 4.16 μm. Most samples were characterised by modal values of 2.0–2.8 μm with an average of 2.6 μm and there was no significant difference between dust from the Sahara and the Middle East

High-resolution provenance of desert dust deposited on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus in 2009–2012 using snow pit and firn core records

The first record of dust deposition events on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains derived from a snow pit and a shallow firn core is presented for the 2009–2012 period. A combination of isotopic analysis, SEVIRI red-greenblue composite imagery, MODIS atmospheric optical depth fields derived using the Deep Blue algorithm, air mass trajectories derived using the HYSPLIT model and analyses of meteorological data enabled identification of dust source regions with high temporal (hours) and spatial (ca. 20–100 km) resolution. Seventeen dust deposition events were detected; fourteen occurred in March–June, one in February and two in October. Four events originated in the Sahara, predominantly in northeastern Libya and eastern Algeria. Thirteen events originated in the Middle East, in the Syrian Desert and northern Mesopotamia, from a mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources. Dust transportation from Sahara was associated with vigorous Saharan depressions, strong surface winds in the source region and mid-tropospheric southwesterly flow with daily winds speeds of 20–30 m s−1 at 700 hPa level. Although these events were less frequent than those originating in the Middle East, they resulted in higher dust concentrations in snow. Dust transportation from the Middle East was associated with weaker depressions forming over the source region, high pressure centred over or extending towards the Caspian Sea and a weaker southerly or southeasterly flow towards the Caucasus Mountains with daily wind speeds of 12–18 m s−1 at 700 hPa level. Higher concentrations of nitrates and ammonium characterised dust from the Middle East deposited on Mt. Elbrus in 2009 indicating contribution of anthropogenic sources. The modal values of particle size distributions ranged between 1.98 µm and 4.16 µm. Most samples were characterised by modal values of 2.0– 2.8 µm with an average of 2.6 µm and there was no signifi- cant difference between dust from the Sahara and the Middle East