Days from Pollination to Seed Maturity in Crownvetch

Flowers of crownvetch, Coronilla varia. L., were hand pollinated in the field at approximately weekly intervals during the growing seasons of 1969 and 1970 to ascertain the time required from pollination to seed maturity. Averaged over both years, the mean time from pollination to fully mature seed was 50 days but ranged from 46 to 59 days, depending upon the date of pollination and the field. Mature seeds are plump with either dull brown or reddish-brown seedcoats. In 1969, none of the flowers pollinated after July 22 produced seeds that matured before commercial harvest in late September and early October, while in 1970, none of the flowers pollinated after August 16 produced mature seeds. The mean number of seeds per pod was 6.7. Mature seeds collected in 1971 from seedpods resulting from flowers pollinated during July had a total germination of 96% of which 92% were hard seeds. Seeds from flowers pollinated in mid-August had a total germination of 82% of which only 11% were hard. These studies suggest that to increase seed yield and seed quality, crownvetch seed fields pollinated by honeybees should be managed so that flowers are pollinated as early as possible during the growing season

Using Blockchain in Digitalizing Enterprise Legacy Systems : An Experience Report

Blockchain technology and distributed ledger technology (DLT) offer a secure, distributed, and tamper-proof way to store and exchange information. However, apart from standard cryptocurrency-based networks, innovations and process improvements based on the blockchain technology have mostly remained on the conceptualizing stage and have not yet reached mass adoption. There is a high demand for practical experiences from developing blockchain and DLT based systems in various domains outside FinTech. This work seeks to contribute to this gap by presenting real-world experiences from developing a proof of concept for automatizing conditional payments in social benefits and healthcare domains. We found that the key conditions for making these blockchain-based solutions viable are (1) attaining technological maturity and competences, (2) ecosystem thinking and adequate governance of these ecosystems, and finally (3) achieving legal and regulatory predictability. Furthermore, we discuss technological choice, business, and ethical considerations relevant to practitioners and research communities.peerReviewe