ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ВЕРБАЛЬНЫЙ И НЕВЕРБАЛЬНЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТЫ

The paper looks at some questions pertaining to the examination of “static” information materials. The presence of nonverbal elements in printed text varies widely depending the nature of the text and the channel of information transfer. The nonverbal components of written speech that are subject to forensic scrutiny include font shape and size, various means of graphic and color emphasis, and spatial composition of text on the carrier. Active use of these components visually highlights certain fragments of the text in order to focus the reader's attention on these fragments. Рассматриваются вопросы исследования «статических» информационных материалов. Наличие невербальных элементов печатного сообщения значительно варьирует в зависимости от его характера и особенностей канала передачи информации. В письменной речи исследованию подлежат невербальные компоненты (форма, размер шрифта, различные графические, цветовые выделения, пространственное расположение текста на его носителе). Их активное применение позволяет визуально выделить фрагмент текста, привлечь к нему внимание читателя.

История и современное состояние экспертных исследований экстремистских материалов

The paper looks at the history and current state of forensic analysis of the content and intentionality of contentious (extremist) materials. It discusses different approaches based in linguistics, psychology, and social sciences/humanities, as well as issues relating to integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis. Techniques and methodological recommendations described in the paper were developed by the experts of the Research Institute for Law and Order of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, various national forensic organizations, such as the Russian Federal Center of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, forensic divisions of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and members of the scientific community. Generic methodologies (linguistic and psycholinguistic) proposed by government agency specialists for the forensic evaluation of extremism manifestations are discussed, including the level of methodological sophistication, and the problem of methodological harmonization in this field of forensics.В статье рассмотрены история и современное состояние исследований содержания и направленности спорных (экстремистских) материалов в рамках судебной экспертизы. Обсуждаются лингвистический, психологический, социогуманитарный подходы, а также вопросы производства комплексной судебной психолого-лингвистической экспертизы. Описаны разработки и методические рекомендации по производству экспертных исследований, предложенные специалистами Научно-исследовательского института проблем укрепления законности и правопорядка при Генеральной прокуратуре Российской Федерации, государственных экспертных учреждений – Российского федерального центра судебных экспертиз при Министерстве юстиции Российской Федерации, Экспертно-криминалистического центра Министерства внутренних дел России, экспертных подразделений Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации, а также представителей научного сообщества. Обсуждаются предложенные ведомственными специалистами типовые методики (лингвистическая и психолого-лингвистическая) для экспертной оценки проявлений экстремизма, глубина их проработки, а также проблема унификации методических средств в этой области

Predictors of outcome after 6 and 12 months following anthroposophic therapy for adult outpatients with chronic disease: a secondary analysis from a prospective observational study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anthroposophic medicine is a physician-provided complementary therapy system involving counselling, artistic and physical therapies, and special medications. The purpose of this analysis was to identify predictors of symptom improvement in patients receiving anthroposophic treatment for chronic diseases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>913 adult outpatients from Germany participated in a prospective cohort study. Patients were starting anthroposophic treatment for mental (30.4% of patients, n = 278/913), musculoskeletal (20.2%), neurological (7.6%), genitourinary (7.4%) or respiratory disorders (7.2%) or other chronic indications. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the improvement of Symptom Score (patients' assessment, 0: not present, 10: worst possible) after 6 and 12 months as dependent variables. 61 independent variables pertaining to socio-demographics, life style, disease status, co-morbidity, health status (SF-36), depression, and therapy factors were analysed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared to baseline, Symptom Score improved by average 2.53 points (95% confidence interval 2.39-2.68, p < 0.001) after six months and by 2.49 points (2.32-2.65, p < 0.001) after 12 months. The strongest predictor for improvement after six months was baseline Symptom Score, which alone accounted for 25% of the variance (total model 32%). Improvement after six months was also positively predicted by better physical function, better general health, shorter disease duration, higher education level, a diagnosis of respiratory disorders, and by a higher therapy goal documented by the physician at baseline; and negatively predicted by the number of physiotherapy sessions in the pre-study year and by a diagnosis of genitourinary disorders. Seven of these nine variables (not the two diagnoses) also predicted improvement after 12 months. When repeating the 0-6 month analysis on two random subsamples of the original sample, three variables (baseline Symptom Score, physical function, general health) remained significant predictors in both analyses, and three further variables (education level, respiratory disorders, therapy goal) were significant in one analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In adult outpatients receiving anthroposophic treatment for chronic diseases, symptom improvement after 6 and 12 months was predicted by baseline symptoms, health status, disease duration, education, and therapy goal. Other variables were not associated with the outcome. This secondary predictor analysis of data from a pre-post study does not allow for causal conclusions; the results are hypothesis generating and need verification in subsequent studies.</p

FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS CONTAINING VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMPONENTS

The paper looks at some questions pertaining to the examination of “static” information materials. The presence of nonverbal elements in printed text varies widely depending the nature of the text and the channel of information transfer. The nonverbal components of written speech that are subject to forensic scrutiny include font shape and size, various means of graphic and color emphasis, and spatial composition of text on the carrier. Active use of these components visually highlights certain fragments of the text in order to focus the reader's attention on these fragments

History and Current State of Forensic Analysis of Extremist Materials

The paper looks at the history and current state of forensic analysis of the content and intentionality of contentious (extremist) materials. It discusses different approaches based in linguistics, psychology, and social sciences/humanities, as well as issues relating to integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis. Techniques and methodological recommendations described in the paper were developed by the experts of the Research Institute for Law and Order of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, various national forensic organizations, such as the Russian Federal Center of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, forensic divisions of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and members of the scientific community. Generic methodologies (linguistic and psycholinguistic) proposed by government agency specialists for the forensic evaluation of extremism manifestations are discussed, including the level of methodological sophistication, and the problem of methodological harmonization in this field of forensics