Classification of colon biopsy samples by spatial analysis of a single spectral band from its hyperspectral cube

The histopathological analysis of colon biopsy samples is a very important part of screening for colorectal cancer. There is, however, significant inter-observer and even intra-observer variability in the results of such analysis due to its very subjective nature. Therefore, quantitative methods are required for the analysis of histopathological images to aid the histopatholgists in their diagnosis. In this paper, we exploit the shape and structure of the gland nuclei cells for the classification of colon biopsy samples using two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We conclude that the use of textural features extracted from non-overlapping blocks of the histopathological images results in a non-linear decision boundary which can be efficiently exploited using a SVM with appropriate choice of parameters for its Gaussian kernel. The SVM classifier outperforms all the remaining methods by a clear margin

Effects of Transshenoidal Surgery on Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumours

Objective:   The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of surgical removal of adenoma on peripheral adenohypophyseal hormones. In addition, the pituitary hormones have also been measured directly in the adenoma tissue following its surgical removal. Materials and Methods:  The present study initially included 22 consecutive patients 18 men and 4 women, of 22-55 (44 ± 2.3) years of age operated for NFMA between 2005 and 2008 at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Three of these patients 2 men and 1woman died during the follow-up period and were excluded from the study.  Results:  Radiological imaging revealed a macroadenoma in all patients, with suprasellar extension in 96% and parasellar/infrasellar extension in 32% of cases. Visual field defects were present in 95% of the patients and improved in 84% of cases after surgery (complete recovery 3/19 (15%); partial recovery 13/19 (68%). The results demonstrate that in a subset of 4 of the 16 male patients with NFPAs the presurgical serum FSH values (45.1 ± 0.7 mIU/ml) were markedly and significantly greater than those of the remaining 12 patients (7.9 ± 0.7 mIU/ml) and of control subjects (8.8 ± 0.6 mIU/ml).  Conclusions:  The present study suggests that pituitary tumours diagnosed as NFPAs constitute a heterogenous group of adenomas with regard to their secretory activity of intact adenohypophyseal hormones. Whereas some of these adenomas activity may synthesize one or more pituitary hormones, peripheral concentrations may not be sufficient to produce overt clinical symptoms of hormone hypersecretion.&nbsp

Serum Hormone Levels of Prolactin and Prolactin Content of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas and Normal Pituitary Glands

Objective and Study Design:   The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of surgical removal of adenoma on peripheral prolactin (PRL) hormone. In addition, the pituitary PRL hormone has also been measured directly in the adenoma tissue following its surgical removal and in the normal pituitary glands. Material and Methods:  The present study is based on 19 patients (16 males and 3 females), 30-50 year of age, diagnosed for NFPAs on the basis of clinical and radiological evidence. An equal number of age matched healthy subjects were included as controls.  Results:  The mean serum PRL concentration in male patients before removal of the adenoma were significantly higher (P<0.05) than values obtained after surgical removal of the adenoma and those of control subjects. In 5 of these 16 patients (PA1, PA10, PA14, PA28, PA30) serum PRL concentrations were markedly above the normal limit of circulating PRL levels (>17.0 ng/ml), the levels being ~ 2-fold of the mean control levels. The PRL levels returned to normal range following ablation of adenoma in these patients. The individual and mean serum PRL levels in the remaining 11 (68.75%) patients were in normal range before and after surgery.  Conclusions:  Taken together, the present data suggest that a significant proportion of NFPAs may actively synthesize and secrete pituitary hormones such as PRL, in amounts that may not be sufficient to produce any overt clinical signs of hormone hypersecretion

A Classification of Cyclic Nodes and Enumeration of Components of a Class of Discrete Graphs

Let Zn be the ring of residue classes modulo n. Define f : Zn 7→ Zn by f (x) = x4. Action of this map is studied by means of digraphs which produce an edge from the residue classes a to b if f (a) ≡ b. For every integer n, an explicit formula is given for the number of fixed points of f . It is shown that the graph G(pk), k ≥ 1 has four fixed points if and only if 3 | p−1 and has two fixed points if and only if 3 ∤ p−1. A classification of cyclic vertices of the graph G(pk) has been determined. A complete enumeration of non-isomorphic cycles and components of G(pk) has been explored

Marital Adjustment And Life Satisfaction Among Early And Late Marriages

The current research focused on exploring the relationship of marital adjustment and life satisfaction among early and late marriages. Main objective of the study was to find out the effect of age on marital adjustment and life satisfaction among early and late marriages. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) Urdu (Spanier, 1976) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) were used to measure the phenomenon of marital adjustment and life satisfaction. The sample was comprised of (N=160) early and late married, men and women. Early married (n=80) and late married (n=80) selected from different cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results indicate a significant positive correlation (r= .33, significant at p .01) in marital adjustment and life satisfaction. On the other hand there is a significant difference (significant at p .001) between late marriages and early marriages on marital adjustment. The results also indicate that there is a significant difference (significant at p .001) between late marriages and early marriages on life satisfaction. Key Words: Marital adjustment, life satisfaction, early married, late marrie

Integration Efforts Estimation in Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Applications

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an emerging area of software engineering, based on the concept of re-usable services to support the development of rapid, economical and stable distributed application even in heterogeneous environments. Function point is considered an accurate and well established approach among its competitors to estimate the efforts, size and functionality of software development projects. Estimating the cost, size and efforts for SOA application is a difficult task due to its diverse nature and loose coupling behavior, which results in an inaccurate estimate to measure the efforts, size and functionality of SOA applications. This research paper highlights the integration efforts estimation using a work flow model, to accurately estimate the efforts and cost needed for SOA application. Keywords: Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Integration Efforts, Efforts Estimation, Function Point Analysis

Recursive Elucidation of Polynomial Congruences Using Root-Finding Numerical Techniques

In this paper we put forward a family of algorithms for lifting solutions of a polynomial congruence mod p to polynomial congruence mod pk. For this purpose, root-finding iterative methods are employed for solving polynomial congruences of the form axn≡b(mod pk), k≥1, where a,b, and n>0 are integers which are not divisible by an odd prime p. It is shown that the algorithms suggested in this paper drastically reduce the complexity for such computations to a logarithmic scale. The efficacy of the proposed technique for solving negative exponent equations of the form ax-n≡b(mod pk) has also been addressed

(±)-4,12,15,18,26-Penta­hydroxy-13,17-dioxahepta­cyclo­[14.10.0.03,14.04,12.06,11.018,26.019,24]hexa­cosa-1,3(14),6(11),7,9,15,19,21,23-nona­ene-5,25-dione monohydrate

The title compound, C24H14O9·H2O, displays a cup-shaped form. The water mol­ecule is disordered over two set of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.78:0.22. The mol­ecule of the compound has four stereocenters and corresponds to the SSRR/RRSS diastereoisomer. In the mol­ecule, the maximum dihedral angle between the planar benzene rings is 80.40 (4)°. The H atoms of the hy­droxy groups are engaged in hydrogen bonding, forming infinite chains parallel to the a axis. These chains are inter­linked through water mol­ecules, resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to the (001) plane. Futhermore C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and slipped π–π inter­actions result in the formation of a three-dimensional network

Maintaining Seed Quality of Maize and Wheat through Dry Chain Technology in Pakistan

Seed is inevitably deteriorated during storage and higher seed moisture content is the primary cause of this decline in seed quality. Dry Chain is a valuable tool, by using moisture proof hermetic containers to preserve seed quality throughout supply chain. This study evaluated and compared the performance of wheat and maize seed in different hermetic storage packaging (Super bag, Anaaji bag and drum) with conventionally used woven polypropylene bags after six months storage in ambient conditions. Seed moisture content was increased up to 11.53 and 13.55% in wheat and maize respectively when packed in polypropylene bags while it remained low (approximately 10 and 11.4% in wheat and maize respectively) when packed in hermetically sealed bags and drum. Germination was maintained in both cereal seeds stored in hermetically sealed Super bag, anaaji bag and drum while it reduced in polypropylene bags as compared to initial seed quality. Seed stored in polypropylene bag deteriorated quickly, which resulted in loss of seed vigour as indicated by higher malondialdehyde contents and electrical conductivity of seed leachates. It can be concluded that maintenance of seed dryness with hermetic storage is useful in preservation of seed quality and related attributes under high relative humidity environment

Symbolic Analysis of Waiting for Godot: A Critical Comparison Between the Bible and Quran Symbols in Waiting for Godot

Waiting for Godot (1952) is a conventional and remarkable play that is written by Irish author Samuel Beckett. The play Waiting for Godot is part of theater of absurd and it is written during modernism. This research is divided into three different sections and conclusion. Firstly the introduction for this research is given and the twentieth century drama, theater of the absurd, and the summary of the play. Also in an independent section we show other people’s work on the play Waiting for Godot. Later on we clarified the Biblical and Quranic symbols in Waiting for Godot and shows the comparison of the symbols in the holy books Quran and Bible in Waiting for Godot. Eventually, conclusion will be drawn as the final outcome of the study.