DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SOLAR POWERED BIKE

The main objective of the project is to design &fabrication of a SOLAR BIKE body which includes design of chassis, steering mechanism and the upper body to place the solar panels by using CAD &PRO-E Software’s. We are going to design the whole body, chassis, steering mechanism, braking system, suspension system, charging system by using the above 2 software’s and going to suggest the best suitable one for the manufacturing. Using this methodology, engineers can define the frame of a new car body respecting the company standards. The principal benefit is the reduction of the design development time as the modification process is optimized. There will be a huge reduction in the weight of the body comparing to other which will lead to decrease in production cost as well as increase in its efficiency

Micropropagation of a Valuable Ethnomedicinal Plant Streblus asper Lour.

A micropropagation protocol is presented for conservation of critically threatened woody tree species, Streblus asper Lour. In vitro axillary bud proliferation followed by multiple shoot induction was obtained using mature nodal segments. Initially, explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA (2.2, 4.4, 6.6, 8.9, 11.1 and 13.3 µM), Kn (2.3, 4.6, 6.9, 9.3, 11.6 and 13.9 µM) or TDZ (2.2, 4.5, 6.7, 8.90, 11.1 and 13.5 µM). These individual levels of cytokinins did not support in vitro shoot regeneration in S. asper. Combinations of cytokinins, Kn with BA or TDZ, significantly influenced shoot regeneration ability. The combination of Kn (4.60 µM) with BA (4.44 µM) evoked an optimum response towards shoot proliferation whereas, medium containing Kn (4.60 µM) plus TDZ (4.54 µM) induced multiple shoot formation. In vitro developed microshoots were rooted on MS half strength medium supplemented with 2.46 µM IBA. The plantlets established in vitro were transferred to pots containing sterilized soil and vermiculite (1:1) mixture and were hardened in the greenhouse with 70-75% survival rate. Key words: Clonal propagation, Cytokinins, Mature nodal explant, Medicinal woody tree, Multiple shoot induction Abbreviations: BA - 6-benzyladenine, IBA - indole 3-butyric acid, Kn - kinetin, µM - micro moles, MS – Murashige and Skoog TDZ - thidiazuron Kranthi Gadidasu et al. Micropropagation of a Valuable Ethnomedicinal Plant Streblus asper Lour.. J Phytol 3/2 (2011) 18-2

Opiate Withdrawal-Associated Esotropia: A Case Report and Systematic Review

Esotropia, which is the medial deviation of one or both eyes, is a rare withdrawal symptom that has been associated with opiate addiction. We report a case of a 36-year-old female patient who developed acute-onset esotropia and diplopia after self-admission to a psychiatric facility for fentanyl addiction treatment and a systematic review of this rare presentation. A search of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar) was conducted as of January 2024. We found 15 documented cases of opiate withdrawal-associated esotropia, with an average age of 27.2 years and an average time between last use and symptom onset of 5.61 days. The most common symptom was diplopia, especially binocular diplopia, and the majority of cases resolved without pharmacologic intervention. Considering the current opioid crisis, our systematic review and case report add valuable insight into the less-explored neurological and ophthalmological consequences of opiate withdrawal, a condition that should always be considered in cases of acute or chronic onset esotropia

Design, synthesis, SAR and biological investigation of 3-(carboxymethyl)rhodanine and aminothiazole inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zmp1

Sixteen 3-(carboxymethyl)rhodanines, and twelve aminothiazoles as rhodanine-mimetics were designed, synthesized and tested as inhibitors of the Zmp1 enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Almost all rhodanines (5a-d, 5f-n, and 7a-b) exhibited Zmp1 inhibition with IC50values in the range 1.3-43.9 µM, whereas only aminothiazoles 12b and 12d proved active with IC50values of 41.3 and 35.7 µM, respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) were coupled with molecular modeling studies to highlight structural determinants for Zmp1 inhibition. Moreover, rhodanines 5a and 5c induced 23.4 and 53.8% of Mtb growth inhibition in THP-1 infected cells, respectively, at the non-toxic concentration of 10 µg/ml. This work represents a step forward in targeting Zmp1 by small molecules

Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Polyelectrolyte Membranes Based on Sulfonate Grafted Sodium Alginate for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal and Fuel Cell Applications

Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, energy and environmental sectors. If environmentally benign materials are created with biodegradable ones, PEMs can evolve into practical technology. In this work, we have fabricated environmentally safe and economic PEMs based on sulfonate grafted sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In the first step, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (SVBS) are grafted on to SA by utilizing the simple free radical polymerization technique. Graft copolymers (SA-g-AMPS and SA-g-SVBS) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. In the second step, sulfonated SA was successfully blended with PVA to fabricate PEMs for the in vitro controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (anti-cancer drug) at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous media. Moreover, phosphomolybdic acids (PMAs) incorporated with composite PEMs were developed to evaluate fuel cell characteristics, i.e., ion exchange capacity, oxidative stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Fabricated PEMs are characterized by the FTIR, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. PMA was incorporated. PEMs demonstrated maximum encapsulation efficiency of 5FU, i.e., 78 ± 2.3%, and released the drug maximum in pH 7.4 buffer. The maximum Cu(II) removal was observed at 188.91 and 181.22 mg.g–1. PMA incorporated with PEMs exhibited significant proton conductivity (59.23 and 45.66 mS/cm) and low methanol permeability (2.19 and 2.04 × 10−6 cm2/s)

Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Membranes of Pectin Graft-Copolymers with PVA and Their Composites with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal, and Fuel Cell Applications

In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C