The behaviour of roof gable walls under the effect of earthquake load

In this study, the effect of earthquake loads on roof gable walls and the behaviours of these roof gable walls are investigated. In preparation of the study, two experiments on cradle roof system which gets and does not get any loads off the roof members were carried out in all. The experiments were performed on the shaking table in Earthquake Research Department of General Directorate of Disaster Affairs. Through the experiments, some considerable results were obtained on the behaviours of roof gable walls under the effect of horizontal dynamic loads. The results obtained at the end of these examinations are given and discussed. Furthermore, suggestions to make the brick gable walls more reliable against the loads of earthquake are given. When the results of the experiments were generally taken into consideration, it was realized that the gable walls in both roof systems would partly or completely collapse even under the effect of a little horizontal dynamic load

PENCERE BOŞLUKLU PERDE DUVARLA GÜÇLENDİRİLMİŞ 1/3 ÖLÇEKLİ BETONARME ÇERÇEVELERİN DAVRANIŞI

Bu deneysel çalışmada, 1/3 ölçekli, tek açıklıklı, iki katlı, 6 adet betonarme çerçeve üretilmiş ve pencere boşluklu veya boşluksuz dolgu duvar ile güçlendirilerek davranışları araştırılmıştır. Bu deney numuneleri depremi benzeştiren tersinir-tekrarlanır yükler altında test edilmiştir. Deney numuneleri Türkiye’deki betonarme yapılarda çoğunlukla gözlemlenen eksiklikleri yansıtacak şekilde üretilmiştir. İlk deney numunesi güçlendirme uygulaması yapılmamış referans numunedir. Diğer numuneler ise farklı pencere boşluk oranlarına ve konumuna sahip betonarme dolgu duvarlı numunelerdir. Yapılan deneylerin sonuçları betonarme dolgu duvarların, dayanım, rijitlik ve enerji tüketme üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyacak şekilde değerlendirilmiştir.  Deney sonuçları, betonarme dolgu duvarlı numunelerin, referans numuneden daha fazla yatay yük dayanımına, enerji tüketimine ve rijitliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir

Biomarker candidates of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease for the evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics

Reliable biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression are the cornerstone of the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The German Society of Experimental and Clinical Neurotherapeutics (GESENT) has convened a Working Group to review the current status of proposed biomarkers of neurodegeneration according to the following criteria and to develop a consensus statement on biomarker candidates for evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics in PD. The criteria proposed are that the biomarker should be linked to fundamental features of PD neuropathology and mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD, should be correlated to disease progression assessed by clinical rating scales, should monitor the actual disease status, should be pre-clinically validated, and confirmed by at least two independent studies conducted by qualified investigators with the results published in peer-reviewed journals. To date, available data have not yet revealed one reliable biomarker to detect early neurodegeneration in PD and to detect and monitor effects of drug candidates on the disease process, but some promising biomarker candidates, such as antibodies against neuromelanin, pathological forms of α-synuclein, DJ-1, and patterns of gene expression, metabolomic and protein profiling exist. Almost all of the biomarker candidates were not investigated in relation to effects of treatment, validated in experimental models of PD and confirmed in independent studies

Dry Needling for Spine Related Disorders: a Scoping Review

Introduction/Background: The depth and breadth of research on dry needling (DN) has not been evaluated specifically for symptomatic spine related disorders (SRD) from myofascial trigger points (TrP), disc, nerve and articular structures not due to serious pathologies. Current literature appears to support DN for treatment of TrP. Goals of this review include identifying research published on DN treatment for SRD, sites of treatment and outcomes studied. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Levac et al.’s five part methodological framework to determine the current state of the literature regarding DN for patients with SRD. Results: Initial and secondary search strategies yielded 55 studies in the cervical (C) region (71.43%) and 22 in the thoracolumbar-pelvic (TLP) region (28.57%). Most were randomized controlled trials (60% in C, 45.45% in TLP) and clinical trials (18.18% in C, 22.78% in TLP). The most commonly treated condition was TrP for both the C and TLP regions. In the C region, DN was provided to 23 different muscles, with the trapezius as treatment site in 41.88% of studies. DN was applied to 31 different structures in the TLP region. In the C region, there was one treatment session in 23 studies (41.82%) and 2–6 treatments in 25 (45.45%%). For the TLP region, one DN treatment was provided in 8 of the 22 total studies (36.36%) and 2–6 in 9 (40.9%). The majority of experimental designs had DN as the sole intervention. For both C and TLP regions, visual analogue scale, pressure pain threshold and range of motion were the most common outcomes. Conclusion: For SRD, DN was primarily applied to myofascial structures for pain or TrP diagnoses. Many outcomes were improved regardless of diagnosis or treatment parameters. Most studies applied just one treatment which may not reflect common clinical practice. Further research is warranted to determine optimal treatment duration and frequency. Most studies looked at DN as the sole intervention. It is unclear whether DN alone or in addition to other treatment procedures would provide superior outcomes. Functional outcome tools best suited to tracking the outcomes of DN for SRD should be explored.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-020-00310-

Experimental study on the behaviour of nonductile infilled RC frames strengthened with external mesh reinforcement and plaster composite

The aim of this paper is to report on an experimental study about Turkish Earthquake Code on suggested strengthening method. The proposed method uses existing brick infill walls and the strengthening is done with the application of external mesh reinforcement and plaster. 5 nonductile 1/2 scaled, one bay, two storey RC specimens were tested under a reversed cyclic loading. The first two specimens were reference specimens and the other ones were strengthened with the proposed method. The specimens contained several design and construction mistakes such as low concrete quality and improper steel detailing. Strength, stiffness and storey drifts of the test specimens were measured. The results of the test on these frames were compared with the reference specimens. The effects of the reinforced mesh plaster application for strengthening on behaviour, strength, stiffness, failure mode and ductility of the specimens were investigated. Unexpected failure modes were observed during the testing and the results were summarized in this paper

Effect of source and concentration of dietary selenium on laying performance of egg-type breeders and antioxidant status of their offspring under delayed post- hatch feeding

Goger, Huseyin/0000-0003-3047-9000; YALCIN, SERVET/0000-0003-4194-0536; yenice, engin/0000-0001-9495-5606WOS: 000511295700001The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary organic or inorganic selenium (Se) supplementation on laying and hatching performance, egg Se content and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentration of eggtype breeders as well as their offspring antioxidant status under 36 h post-hatch feed withdrawal. Two hundred and seventy white egg-type breeders were used. the hens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. the basal diet contained no supplemental Se (Control). the four treatment groups consisted of two selenium sources (inorganic and organic, Se-inorg and Se-org, respectively) and two selenium levels (0.20 and 0.35 mg Se/kg diet). the total analysed Se concentration in the diets was between 0.137 and 0.138 mg/kg for Control, while it was 0.342 and 0.340 mg/kg for 0.20 Se-inorg, 0.339 and 0.351 mg/kg for 0.20 Se-org, 0.485 and 0.489 mg/kg for 0.35 Se-inorg, 0.481 and 0.495 mg/kg for 0.35 Se-org from 21 to 40 and 41 to 49 weeks, respectively. There was no effect of diets on laying performance, egg quality, and hatchability. Dietary Se supplementation increased egg Se content compared to Control, being higher in eggs from hens fed Se-org than those from hens fed Se-inorg. Liver GSH-Px activity of hens fed 0.35 mg Se/kg was higher than in hens fed 0.20 mg/kg Se. on d of hatch and 36 h post-hatch, residual yolk sac Se content of chicks from hens fed 0.35 mg Se/kg was higher than that of chicks from hens fed 0.20 mg/kg Se. After 36 h post-hatch feed withdrawal, plasma and liver GSH-Px activity of chicks from Se groups were higher than in chicks from the Control. It was concluded that dietary maternal Se would provide a protective mechanism for day-old chicks for coping with stressful situations exposed after hatching.Ministry of AgricultureGida Tarim ve Hayvancilik Bakanligi [TAGEM/HAYSUD/16/A06/P02/02]This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Project Number: TAGEM/HAYSUD/16/A06/P02/0