Reliability Analysis of Link Stability in Secured Routing Protocols for MANETs

The prime characteristics of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) are infrastructure free, absence of centralized authority and dynamic nature of nodes which are more vulnerable to security attacks. Reliability and security are prime issues to protect information and nodes in a network during communication which has received more research interest in designing a dynamic secured routing scheme. QoS is set of service requirement that needs to be satisfied by the network during the data transmission in the network. From the perception of QoS best effort protocols ensure optimum network operation in a unpredictable mobile environment. The multimedia applications are intolerable towards delay and reliability which are the features of mobile network, hence the potentials of MANET were not utilized in multimedia applications. These issues of delay and reliability of packet transmission in MANET are contributed by stability of the communication link even during the mobility of the nodes Its a necessity to analyze the performance of various secured routing protocols based on the stability of the communication link in case of mobility of nodes during data transfer. This paper is focused on a comparative study of various secured reactive routing protocols in MANET signifying the connectivity stability during the mobility of the nodes

Adaptive and Self Healing Routing for Mobile AdHoc Networks Using Cross Layer Design

The construction of reliable and stable routes in a mobile ad hoc network is one of the primary research issues in equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. Mobility of nodes often leads to link failures and hence requires route reconstruction to resume the communication between the nodes. The stability factor of a route can reduce the number of times the route is changed or reconstructed. This paper presents a novel idea for discovering a stable set of routes using the metrics from multiple layers rather than depending on network layer along with a finite set of parameters to qualify a link or connecting to a node. The link stability factor and link received signal strength are considered as the main metrics to qualify the stability of a route, derived from the physical and data link layer based on bit or packet error rate, retrieved from the soft output decoder. The simulation results based on the analysis of the proposed algorithm prove to be more efficient in terms of discovering stable routes, reducing frequent reconstruction of routes and hence improving the overall performance of the network

Mutual Coupling Reduction Techniques between MIMO Antennas for UWB Applications

The recent research has proved that the Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems can substantially increase the channel capacity by employing multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, without increasing either transmitter power or bandwidth. Hence it is very much essential to know all the aspects of MIMO system. Usually, in any MIMO system the antenna design plays a major role in improving the system performance and channel capacity. The antenna bandwidth must support the wireless system for transmitting larger data rates. Also, the mutual coupling effect between the antennas must be taken into consideration, while designing an efficient MIMO system. The objective of this paper is to discuss various techniques to reduce mutual coupling of MIMO antennas for UWB application

Microbial Status of Groundwater in and Around Cuddalore Town, Tamilnadu

Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. The groundwater is believed to be comparatively clean and free from pollution than surface water. But prolonged discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluents causes the groundwater to become polluted and create health problems. Coliforms might cause intestinal disorders of the inhabitants and pilgrims. Ground water samples from 15 locations have been collected from Cuddalore Town including SIPCOT industrial area. The present study deals with the analysis of total Coliform count by most probable number (MPN) method and to identify the presence of gram negative or gram positive organisms. The bacteriological quality of groundwater had crossed the upper limits prescribed by WHO. The results found that the water in all these places was found to be unfit for human consumption due to contamination. Pollution control measures and strict enforcement of its laws have been recommended

NOVEL IN SILICO APPROACH OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY BY INHIBITING HEMOPEXIN PROTEINS WITH INDIGOFERA ASPALATHOIDESPLANT CONSTITUENTS AT ACTIVE SITE

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-cancer activity using the phytoconstituents of Indigofera aspalathoides.Methods: The plant extract has been largely used as cell proliferation inhibitors. In this study, specific phytoconstituent has been targeted towardsmatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).Results: MMPs are group of proteinases that are associated with cell invasion inhibition and also inhibit proliferation. The C-terminal domain ofMMPs mimics the serum protein hemopexin (HPX). According to various literatures, a reason for the failure of MMP as anti-cancer agent is thepresence of this HPX binding at the active site.Conclusion: A novel approach was carried to inhibit this binding by Carotal, (-)-Spathulenol, Tau.-Cadinol proteins from the plant I. aspalathoides. Keywords: Hemopexin, Matrix metalloproteinase, Indigofera aspalathoides, Molecular docking, Carotal, (-)-Spathulenol, Tau.-Cadinol

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ramipril in albino rats

Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a product of Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin‑II regulates vascular tone, stimulates the release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, activates nuclear factor‑kappa B (NF‑κB), increases oxidant stress and functions as an inflammatory molecule. Ramipril an ACE inhibitor act by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, decreases angiotensinogen II activity. Hence the present was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Ramipril.Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats weighing around 150-200gms of either sex were randomly selected from central animal facility and divided into three groups. The control group received normal saline 25ml/kg, standard group received Indomethacin 10mg/kg and test group received Ramipril (0.9mg/kg) orally for six days. The animals were subjected to carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma model.Results: Ramipril significantly decreased the mean paw oedema in carrageenan induced paw oedema when compared to control and in cotton pellet induced granuloma Ramipril decreased the mean granuloma weight when compared to control.Conclusions: Ramipril showed anti-inflammatory activity when given for 6 consecutive days per orally in albino rats in carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma model

To evaluate the effect of neostigmine on blood glucose levels in euglycemic albino rats through OGTT

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a group of syndromes characterised by hyperglycaemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and an increased risk of complications from vascular disease. There are genetic and environmental components that affect the risk of developing either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Twelve Swiss albino rats weighing around 150-200gmsof either sex were randomly selected from the central animal facility, JSSMC, Mysore and divided into two groups. The control group received distilled water (25ml/kg body wt.) per orally, test group received Neostigmine (0.5mg/kg/day) per orally for 5 days. On the fifth day, following overnight fasting, 1 hour after drug administration in all the group of rats OGTT was performed, by administering oral glucose in dose of 0.6gm/kg body weight. The capillary blood glucose level was measured at 0, 60 and 150 minutes, by rat tail snipping method using (ACCUCHEK) glucometer.Results: The Capillary Blood Glucose levels of Neostigmine group was less when compared to control group at all-time intervals.Conclusions: Neostigmine showed the hypoglycemic activity when given for 5 days orally in euglycemic albino rats through OGTT

EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOT LINN IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica root (EMPR) in experimental mice models.Methods: Ethanolic extract of root parts of Mimosa pudica (EMPR) was prepared by a continuous method using soxhlet apparatus. EMPR in doses of 1000, 2000 mg/kg body wt along with valproate were administrated to albino mice by oral route and anti-epileptic activity was assessed by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase and an increase in seizure latency period, when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection in MES and PTZ induced convulsion models respectively.Results: EMPR in the dose of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body wt of mice showed significant anti-epileptic property in both MES and PTZ induced seizure models. There was a significant abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase in MES model. There was also a significant increase in seizure latency period in PTZ induced seizure model.Conclusion: Results suggest that ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica roots possess significant anti-epileptic activity. Further investigations are required to determine its active constituents and also its antiepileptic mechanism of action

Evaluation of locomotor activity of pioglitazone in albino mice

Background: Pioglitazone (PIO), a Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, is an oral anti-diabetic agent belonging to the group of thiazolidinediones-TZDs used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in monotherapy and in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin.Methods: All animals were allowed to acclimatize with laboratory conditions at least two weeks before starting the experiment and they were maintained under the same condition throughout the experiment. They were given food and water ad libitum. The experiments were performed as per the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) guidelines. The animals were subjected to experimentation between 0900-1600 hours in noise free atmosphere with ambient temperature 23-300ºC.Results: There was no significant reduction in the within group comparisons of the basal and final scores in locomotor activity.Conclusions: The standard and test groups failed to produce any significant reduction in locomotor activity in the intergroup comparison as well as compared to normal control

Bio Characterization via FTIR and GCMS Analysis of Cucurbita variety (Yellow and White Pumpkin)

The current study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening, FTIR, and GCMS analysis in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.,) also known as a yellow and white selected pumpkin. It’s one of the dicotyledonous vegetables consumed in daily diets that imparts high inhibitor properties of inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. Traditionally it is used as an anti-helminthic remedy. The phytochemical characterization can facilitate seeking out the substance with a therapeutic property. The peel, flesh, and seed sample of each pumpkin variety were used as sources and extracted consecutively with ethyl acetate and acetonitrile using the maceration method. Phytochemical screening and quantification were carried out by standard analytical methods. The functional groups of the sample extracts were analyzed using FT-IR methods. Further, phytochemical profiling was carried out utilizing the GCMS technique to identify the therapeutically important chemicals contained in the sample. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate and acetonitrile extracts showed the presence of major components like alkaloids, phenol, carbohydrate, and proteins. The farthest alkaloid, phenol, carbohydrate, and protein varied consequently for different parts like peel, flesh, and seed. The FT-IR analysis of each extract in the peel, flesh, and seed revealed that the ethyl acetate extract had the most functional groups. The major peak was characterized at wavelength 3004.24 to 3421.05 nm which indicates O-H functional group. Further quantification and GC-MS analysis were performed in ethyl acetate extract. Remarkably, GC-MS analysis of yellow and white pumpkin ethyl acetate extracts showed the utmost 6 - 8 compounds within the flesh part. Further, employing these compounds for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial assays may aid in the discovery of new drugs for therapeutic applications