Toxic encephalopathy associated with low dose metronidazole therapy in a cat suffering from gastrointestinal lymphoma: A case report

This case report describes an episode of acute encephalopathy in a cat treated with metronidazole due to chronic gastrointestinal disease (giardiasis). Metronidazole had been administered at a dose of 28 mg/ kg/day for 7 days. Cat showed signs of head pressing, reduced consciousness, ataxia, seizures, lack of menace response and progressive weakness. Complete blood cell count revealed haemolytic anaemia, serum biochemistry, coagulation profile, blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, were unremarkable. Metronidazole administration was immediately discontinued; supportive care consisted of fluid therapy, blood transfusion was also performed. The neurological status of the patient improved rapidly within 72 h. Anaemia improved in next 7 days, however transfusion and steroid treatment was necessary. Two weeks post intoxication abdominal ultrasound revealed abnormal hepatic pattern, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and lack of normal intestinal layering. A biopsy had been taken during explorative laparotomy and histopathologic examination revealed gastrointestinal and hepatic lymphoma. The aim of this case report is to present that cats suffering from multiple conditions may show metronidazole intoxication even when recommended dosage  and treatment length is used. We cannot exclude that metronidazole was responsible for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Identification of Differentially Expressed Gene Transcripts in Porcine Endometrium during Early Stages of Pregnancy

During the early stages of pregnancy, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic morphologic and functional changes accompanied with dynamic variation in gene expression. Pregnancy-stage specific differentially expressed gene (DEG)-transcript-probes were investigated and identified by comparing endometrium transcriptome at 9th day (9D), 12th day (12D) and 16th day (16D) of early pregnancy in Polish large-white (PLW) gilts. Endometrium comparisons between 9D-vs-12D, 9D-vs-16D and 12D-vs-16D of early pregnancy identified 6049, 374 and 6034 highly significant DEG-transcript-probes (p 2 FC). GO term enrichment analysis identified commonly shared upregulated endometrial DEG-transcript-probes (p 2 FC), that were regulating the gene functions of anatomic structure development and transport (TG), DNA-binding and methyltransferase activity (ZBTB2), ion-binding and kinase activity (CKM), cell proliferation and apoptosis activity (IL1B). Downregulated DEG-transcript-probes (p 2 FC) were involved in regulating the gene functions of phosphatase activity (PTPN11), TC616413 gene-transcript and Susscrofa LOC100525539. Moreover, blastn comparison of microarray-probes sequences against susscrofa11 assembly identified commonly shared upregulated endometrial DEG-transcript-probes (E 2 FC), that were regulating the gene functions of reproduction and growth (SELENOP), cytoskeleton organization and kinase activity (CDC42BPA), phosphatase activity (MINPP1), enzymebinding and cell-population proliferation (VAV3), cancer-susceptibility candidate gene (CASC4), cytoskeletal protein-binding (COBLL1), ion-binding, enzyme regulator activity (ACAP2) Downregulated endometrial DEG-transcript-probes (E 2FC) were involved in regulating the gene functions of signal-transduction (TMEM33), catabolic and metabolic processes (KLHL15). Microarray validation experiment on selected candidate genes showed complementarity to significant endometrial DEG-transcript-probes responsible for the regulation of immune response (IL1B, S100A11), lipid metabolism (FABP3, PPARG), cell-adhesion (ITGAV), angiogenesis (IL1B), intercellular transmission (NMB), cell-adhesion (OPN) and response to stimuli (RBP4) was confirmed by RT-PCR. This study provides a clue that identified pregnancy-stage specific microarray transcript probes could be considered as candidate genes for recognition and establishment of early pregnancy in the pig.</p