1,976 research outputs found
Modified Regge calculus as an explanation of dark energy
Using Regge calculus, we construct a Regge differential equation for the time
evolution of the scale factor in the Einstein-de Sitter cosmology model
(EdS). We propose two modifications to the Regge calculus approach: 1) we allow
the graphical links on spatial hypersurfaces to be large, as in direct particle
interaction when the interacting particles reside in different galaxies, and 2)
we assume luminosity distance is related to graphical proper distance
by the equation , where the inner product can differ from its usual
trivial form. The modified Regge calculus model (MORC), EdS and CDM
are compared using the data from the Union2 Compilation, i.e., distance moduli
and redshifts for type Ia supernovae. We find that a best fit line through
versus gives a correlation of
0.9955 and a sum of squares error (SSE) of 1.95. By comparison, the best fit
CDM gives SSE = 1.79 using = 69.2 km/s/Mpc, = 0.29
and = 0.71. The best fit EdS gives SSE = 2.68 using =
60.9 km/s/Mpc. The best fit MORC gives SSE = 1.77 and = 73.9 km/s/Mpc
using = 8.38 Gcy and kg, where is the
current graphical proper distance between nodes, is the scaling factor
from our non-trival inner product, and is the nodal mass. Thus, MORC
improves EdS as well as CDM in accounting for distance moduli and
redshifts for type Ia supernovae without having to invoke accelerated
expansion, i.e., there is no dark energy and the universe is always
decelerating.Comment: 15 pages text, 6 figures. Revised as accepted for publication in
Class. Quant. Gra
Expansive actions on uniform spaces and surjunctive maps
We present a uniform version of a result of M. Gromov on the surjunctivity of
maps commuting with expansive group actions and discuss several applications.
We prove in particular that for any group and any field \K, the
space of -marked groups such that the group algebra \K[G] is
stably finite is compact.Comment: 21 page
Maxwell equations in matrix form, squaring procedure, separating the variables, and structure of electromagnetic solutions
The Riemann -- Silberstein -- Majorana -- Oppenheimer approach to the Maxwell
electrodynamics in vacuum is investigated within the matrix formalism. The
matrix form of electrodynamics includes three real 4 \times 4 matrices. Within
the squaring procedure we construct four formal solutions of the Maxwell
equations on the base of scalar Klein -- Fock -- Gordon solutions. The problem
of separating physical electromagnetic waves in the linear space
\lambda_{0}\Psi^{0}+\lambda_{1}\Psi^{1}+\lambda_{2}\Psi^{2}+ lambda_{3}\Psi^{3}
is investigated, several particular cases, plane waves and cylindrical waves,
are considered in detail.Comment: 26 pages 16 International Seminar NCPC, May 19-22, 2009, Minsk,
Belaru
Von Neumann Regular Cellular Automata
For any group and any set , a cellular automaton (CA) is a
transformation of the configuration space defined via a finite memory set
and a local function. Let be the monoid of all CA over .
In this paper, we investigate a generalisation of the inverse of a CA from the
semigroup-theoretic perspective. An element is von
Neumann regular (or simply regular) if there exists
such that and , where is the composition of functions. Such an
element is called a generalised inverse of . The monoid
itself is regular if all its elements are regular. We
establish that is regular if and only if
or , and we characterise all regular elements in
when and are both finite. Furthermore, we study
regular linear CA when is a vector space over a field ; in
particular, we show that every regular linear CA is invertible when is
torsion-free elementary amenable (e.g. when ) and , and that every linear CA is regular when
is finite-dimensional and is locally finite with for all .Comment: 10 pages. Theorem 5 corrected from previous versions, in A.
Dennunzio, E. Formenti, L. Manzoni, A.E. Porreca (Eds.): Cellular Automata
and Discrete Complex Systems, AUTOMATA 2017, LNCS 10248, pp. 44-55, Springer,
201
Helicity, polarization, and Riemann-Silberstein vortices
Riemann-Silberstein (RS) vortices have been defined as surfaces in spacetime
where the complex form of a free electromagnetic field given by F=E+iB is null
(F.F=0), and they can indeed be interpreted as the collective history swept out
by moving vortex lines of the field. Formally, the nullity condition is similar
to the definition of "C-lines" associated with a monochromatic electric or
magnetic field, which are curves in space where the polarization ellipses
degenerate to circles. However, it was noted that RS vortices of monochromatic
fields generally oscillate at optical frequencies and are therefore
unobservable while electric and magnetic C-lines are steady. Here I show that
under the additional assumption of having definite helicity, RS vortices are
not only steady but they coincide with both sets of C-lines, electric and
magnetic. The two concepts therefore become one for waves of definite frequency
and helicity. Since the definition of RS vortices is relativistically invariant
while that of C-lines is not, it may be useful to regard the vortices as a
wideband generalization of C-lines for waves of definite helicity.Comment: 5 pages, no figures. Submitted to J of Optics A, special issue on
Singular Optics; minor changes from v.
Neoadjuvant treatment of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of pancreas with Imatinib: case report and systematic review of literature
Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare skin tumor, characterized by frequent local recurrence but is seldom metastatic. It is histologically characterized by storiform arrangement of spindle cells. Cytogenetically, most tumors are characterized by translocation 17:22 leading to overexpression of tyrosine kinase PDGFB which can be targeted with tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Imatinib. We describe the first case of unresectable pancreatic metastases from DFSP treated with neoadjuvant Imatinib and subsequently R0 metastectomy. Additionally, a comprehensive systematic review of DFSP pancreatic metastases and the current published data on the use of Imatinib in DFSP is summarized.Peer Reviewe
Sustained Activation of Cell Adhesion Is a Differentially Regulated Process in B Lymphopoiesis
It is largely unknown how hematopoietic progenitors are positioned within specialized niches of the bone marrow microenvironment during development. Chemokines such as CXCL12, previously called stromal cell–derived factor 1, are known to activate cell integrins of circulating leukocytes resulting in transient adhesion before extravasation into tissues. However, this short-term effect does not explain the mechanism by which progenitor cells are retained for prolonged periods in the bone marrow. Here we show that in human bone marrow CXCL12 triggers a sustained adhesion response specifically in progenitor (pro- and pre-) B cells. This sustained adhesion diminishes during B cell maturation in the bone marrow and, strikingly, is absent in circulating mature B cells, which exhibit only transient CXCL12-induced adhesion. The duration of adhesion is tightly correlated with CXCL12-induced activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a known molecule involved in integrin-mediated signaling. Sustained adhesion of progenitor B cells is associated with prolonged FAK activation, whereas transient adhesion in circulating B cells is associated with short-lived FAK activation. Moreover, sustained and transient adhesion responses are differentially affected by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These results provide a developmental cell stage–specific mechanism by which chemokines orchestrate hematopoiesis through sustained rather than transient activation of adhesion and cell survival pathways
Shift-Symmetric Configurations in Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata: Irreversibility, Insolvability, and Enumeration
The search for symmetry as an unusual yet profoundly appealing phenomenon,
and the origin of regular, repeating configuration patterns have long been a
central focus of complexity science and physics. To better grasp and understand
symmetry of configurations in decentralized toroidal architectures, we employ
group-theoretic methods, which allow us to identify and enumerate these inputs,
and argue about irreversible system behaviors with undesired effects on many
computational problems. The concept of so-called configuration shift-symmetry
is applied to two-dimensional cellular automata as an ideal model of
computation. Regardless of the transition function, the results show the
universal insolvability of crucial distributed tasks, such as leader election,
pattern recognition, hashing, and encryption. By using compact enumeration
formulas and bounding the number of shift-symmetric configurations for a given
lattice size, we efficiently calculate the probability of a configuration being
shift-symmetric for a uniform or density-uniform distribution. Further, we
devise an algorithm detecting the presence of shift-symmetry in a
configuration.
Given the resource constraints, the enumeration and probability formulas can
directly help to lower the minimal expected error and provide recommendations
for system's size and initialization. Besides cellular automata, the
shift-symmetry analysis can be used to study the non-linear behavior in various
synchronous rule-based systems that include inference engines, Boolean
networks, neural networks, and systolic arrays.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 appendice
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