16,547 research outputs found
A Hybrid Quantum Encoding Algorithm of Vector Quantization for Image Compression
Many classical encoding algorithms of Vector Quantization (VQ) of image
compression that can obtain global optimal solution have computational
complexity O(N). A pure quantum VQ encoding algorithm with probability of
success near 100% has been proposed, that performs operations 45sqrt(N) times
approximately. In this paper, a hybrid quantum VQ encoding algorithm between
classical method and quantum algorithm is presented. The number of its
operations is less than sqrt(N) for most images, and it is more efficient than
the pure quantum algorithm.
Key Words: Vector Quantization, Grover's Algorithm, Image Compression,
Quantum AlgorithmComment: Modify on June 21. 10pages, 3 figure
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Black Stain on Human Permanent Teeth
Black stain may develop on the coronal surfaces of human teeth, and this type of stain is common in the Hong Kong Chinese population. The present study was undertaken to ascertain if the deposit conforms in composition to the black stain found elsewhere, and to describe its ultrastructure using the scanning electron microscope. Gram-stained smears were made from black stain on the teeth of 11 adult Hong Kong Chinese and studied microscopically. From another 15 persons extracted teeth exhibiting black stain were obtained and fixed. Two ground sections were made from each tooth, one was stained with toluidine blue, the other was dried and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The gram-stained smears demonstrated predominantly gram-positive filamentous microorganisms with an admixture of gram-positive cocci and rods. The ground sections revealed a deposit on the outer surface of the enamel, which was clearly divided into two distinctly different layers: an inner yellow opaque layer, and an outer layer of microorganisms. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the deposit consisted entirely of microorganisms, and that in portions close to the enamel they were often obscured by a substance indicative of calcification. Thus the black stain found on the teeth of Hong Kong Chinese is similar in composition and structure to that reported to occur in other populations. The black stain is a special type of dental plaque characterized by its simple flora and its tendency to calcify
Can Performance of Indigenous Factors Influence Growth and Globalization?
This paper employs a total of thirty four openness factors and indigenous factors to construct two indicators for 62 world economies for the period 1998-2002. While most globalization studies concentrated on openness factors, regression estimates and simulation studies show that sound performance in indigenous factors are crucial to an economy’s growth and globalization. Empirical evidence shows that an optimal performance in indigenous factors can be identified, and that successful globalized economies are equipped with strong performance in their indigenous factors.Globalization, indigenous factors, openness, world economies
The difference of boundary effects between Bose and Fermi systems
In this paper, we show that there exists an essential difference of boundary
effects between Bose and Fermi systems both for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary
conditions: at low temperatures and high densities the influence of the
boundary on the Bose system depends on the temperature but is independent of
the density, but for the Fermi case the influence of the boundary is
independent of the temperature but depends on the density, after omitting the
negligible high-order corrections. We also show that at high temperatures and
low densities the difference of the influence of the boundary between Bose and
Fermi systems appears in the next-to-leading order boundary contribution, and
the leading boundary contribution is independent of the density. Moreover, for
calculating the boundary effects at high temperatures and low densities, since
the existence of the boundary modification causes the standard virial expansion
to be invalid, we introduce a modified virial expansion.Comment: 8 page
Economizer Control Using Mixed Air Enthalpy
Enthalpy economizer can theoretically save more energy than temperature based economizer. However, the requirement of outdoor air humidity measurement in the traditional enthalpy economizer control made it impossible. A novel control sequence using mixed air enthalpy is developed in the paper. Both theoretical and experimental investigation shows that humidity measurement in mixed air duct is very reliable, and the proposed method can achieve true enthalpy economizer saving. A case implementation shows 15.7% more energy saving than temperature based economizer in Omaha, NE
Particle production and equilibrium properties within a new hadron transport approach for heavy-ion collisions
The microscopic description of heavy-ion reactions at low beam energies is
achieved within hadronic transport approaches. In this article a new approach
SMASH (Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly-interacting Hadrons) is introduced
and applied to study the production of non-strange particles in heavy-ion
reactions at GeV. First, the model is described including
details about the collision criterion, the initial conditions and the resonance
formation and decays. To validate the approach, equilibrium properties such as
detailed balance are presented and the results are compared to experimental
data for elementary cross sections. Finally results for pion and proton
production in C+C and Au+Au collisions is confronted with HADES and FOPI data.
Predictions for particle production in collisions are made.Comment: 30 pages, 30 figures, replaced with published version; only minor
change
Normal families and fixed points of iterates
Let F be a family of holomorphic functions and let K be a constant less than
4. Suppose that for all f in F the second iterate of f does not have fixed
points for which the modulus of the multiplier is greater than K. We show that
then F is normal. This is deduced from a result about the multipliers of
iterated polynomials.Comment: 5 page
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