185 research outputs found
A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. I. UBVRI Photometry of Stars in M31 and M33
We present UBVRI photometry obtained from Mosaic images of M31 and M33 using
the KPNO 4-m telescope. The survey covers 2.2 sq degrees of M31, and 0.8 sq
degrees of M33, chosen so as to include all of the regions currently active in
forming massive stars. The catalog contains 371,781 and 146,622 stars in M31
and M33, respectively, where every star has a counterpart (at least) in B, V,
and R. We compare our photometry to previous studies. We provide cross
references to the stars confirmed as members by spectroscopy, and compare the
location of these to the complete set in color-magnitude diagrams. While
follow-up spectroscopy is needed for many projects, we demonstrate the success
of our photometry in being able to distinguish M31/M33 members from foreground
Galactic stars. We also present the results of newly obtained spectroscopy,
which identifies 34 newly confirmed members, including B-A supergiants, the
earliest O star known in M31, and two new Luminous Blue Variable candidates
whose spectra are similar to that of P Cygni.Comment: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. A version with higher
resolution figures can be found at:
http://www.lowell.edu/users/massey/M3133.pdf.g
Tuning a Schottky barrier in a photoexcited topological insulator with transient Dirac cone electron-hole asymmetry
The advent of Dirac materials has made it possible to realize two dimensional
gases of relativistic fermions with unprecedented transport properties in
condensed matter. Their photoconductive control with ultrafast light pulses is
opening new perspectives for the transmission of current and information. Here
we show that the interplay of surface and bulk transient carrier dynamics in a
photoexcited topological insulator can control an essential parameter for
photoconductivity - the balance between excess electrons and holes in the Dirac
cone. This can result in a strongly out of equilibrium gas of hot relativistic
fermions, characterized by a surprisingly long lifetime of more than 50 ps, and
a simultaneous transient shift of chemical potential by as much as 100 meV. The
unique properties of this transient Dirac cone make it possible to tune with
ultrafast light pulses a relativistic nanoscale Schottky barrier, in a way that
is impossible with conventional optoelectronic materials.Comment: Nature Communications, in press (12 pages, 6 figures
Dispersion force for materials relevant for micro and nanodevices fabrication
The dispersion (van der Waals and Casimir) force between two semi-spaces are
calculated using the Lifshitz theory for different materials relevant for micro
and nanodevices fabrication, namely, gold, silicon, gallium arsenide, diamond
and two types of diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon carbide, silicon nitride
and silicon dioxide. The calculations were performed using recent experimental
optical data available in the literature, usually ranging from the far infrared
up to the extreme ultraviolet bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The
results are presented in the form of a correction factor to the Casimir force
predicted between perfect conductors, for the separation between the
semi-spaces varying from 1 nanometre up to 1 micrometre. The relative
importance of the contributions to the dispersion force of the optical
properties in different spectral ranges is analyzed. The role of the
temperature for semiconductors and insulators is also addressed. The results
are meant to be useful for the estimation of the impact of the Casimir and van
der Waals forces on the operational parameters of micro and nanodevices
Electric field gradients in s-, p- and d-metal diborides and the effect of pressure on the band structure and T in MgB
Results of FLMTO-GGA (full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital -- generalized
gradient approximation) calculations of the band structure and boron electric
field gradients (EFG) for the new medium-T superconductor (MTSC), MgB,
and related diborides MB, M=Be, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mo and Ta are reported.
The boron EFG variations are found to be related to specific features of their
band structure and particularly to the M-B hybridization. The strong charge
anisotropy at the B site in MgB is completely defined by the valence
electrons - a property which sets MgB apart from other diborides. The boron
EFG in MgB is weakly dependent of applied pressure: the B p electron
anisotropy increases with pressure, but it is partly compensated by the
increase of core charge assymetry. The concentration of holes in bonding
bands is found to decrease slightly from 0.067 to 0.062 holes/B under
a pressure of 10 GPa. Despite a small decrease of N(E), the Hopfield
parameter increases with pressure and we believe that the main reason for the
reduction under pressure of the superconducting transition temperature, T,
is the strong pressure dependence of phonon frequencies, which is sufficient to
compensate the electronic effects.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Transport and elastic scattering times as probes of the nature of impurity scattering in single and bilayer graphene
Both transport and elastic scattering times are
experimentally determined from the carrier density dependence of the
magnetoconductance of monolayer and bilayer graphene. Both times and their
dependences in carrier density are found to be very different in the monolayer
and the bilayer. However their ratio is found to be of the
order of in both systems and independent of the carrier density. These
measurements give insight on the nature (neutral or charged) and spatial extent
of the scattering centers. Comparison with theoretical predictions yields that
the main scattering mechanism in our graphene samples could be due to strong
scatterers of short range, inducing resonant scattering, a likely candidate
being vacancies
Differential O and Si Abundances in M33 Early B Supergiants
We present non-LTE analyses of four M33 early B-supergiant stars and five
Galactic counterparts. This is the first time that B supergiants beyond the
Magellanic Clouds are analyzed by means of detailed Non-LTE techniques. Stellar
temperatures, gravities, microturbulences and Si abundances are derived for all
objects using the Si ionization equilibrium and the Balmer line wings. O
abundances are then also derived. Important approximations made during the
calculations are described, and their influence on the results is analyzed. It
is found that these approximations have no significant effect on the results at
any microturbulence. We find that a strict differential analysis is needed to
detect abundance differences. Thus we compare results line by line in M33 and
Galactic stars of stellar parameters as similar as possible. Three of the four
M33 stars turned out to be O deficient as compared to their Galactic
counterparts, and only one, close to the center of M33 (M33 1054) is found to
be moderately O enriched. From these differential analyses we find that our
data are compatible with a radial O gradient in M33 as that derived from HII
region data: we obtain -0.19+/-0.13 or -0.20+/-0.07 dex/kpc, depending on
whether B133 is included or not. Our data are also consistent with other
possibilities such as a steep increase of the O abundance in the inner region
(at projected distances less than 9 arcmin from the center of M33), followed by
a flat O abundance profile towards the outer parts of M33. Si shows the same
pattern, and it is shown that Si and O correlate well, as expected for
alpha-elements, supporting then the high value of the O abundance gradient in
M33 as compared to the Milky Way and other nearby spiral galaxies.Comment: Accepted for ApJ. Tentatively scheduled for Dec. 20, 2000. 44 pages,
9 tables, 18 figure
How close can one approach the Dirac point in graphene experimentally?
The above question is frequently asked by theorists who are interested in
graphene as a model system, especially in context of relativistic quantum
physics. We offer an experimental answer by describing electron transport in
suspended devices with carrier mobilities of several 10^6 cm^2V^-1s^-1 and with
the onset of Landau quantization occurring in fields below 5 mT. The observed
charge inhomogeneity is as low as \approx10^8 cm^-2, allowing a neutral state
with a few charge carriers per entire micron-scale device. Above liquid helium
temperatures, the electronic properties of such devices are intrinsic, being
governed by thermal excitations only. This yields that the Dirac point can be
approached within 1 meV, a limit currently set by the remaining charge
inhomogeneity. No sign of an insulating state is observed down to 1 K, which
establishes the upper limit on a possible bandgap
A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars: III. A Search for Luminous Blue Variables and Other H-alpha Emission-Lined Stars
We describe a search for H-alpha emission-lined stars in M31, M33, and seven
dwarfs in or near the Local Group (IC 10, NGC 6822, WLM, Sextans B, Sextans A,
Pegasus and the Phoenix dwarf) using interference filter imaging with the KPNO
and CTIO 4-m telescope and Mosaic cameras. The survey is aimed primarily at
identifying new Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) from their spectroscopic
similarity to known LBVs, avoiding the bias towards photometric variability,
which may require centuries to manifest itself if LBVs go through long
quiescent periods. Followup spectroscopy with WIYN confirms that our survey
detected a wealth of stars whose spectra are similar to the known LBVs. We
"classify" the spectra of known LBVs, and compare these to the spectra of the
new LBV candidates. We demonstrate spectacular spectral variability for several
of the new LBV candidates, such as AM2, previously classified as a Wolf-Rayet
star, which now shows FeI, FeII and Balmer emission lines but neither the NIII
4634,42 nor HeII 4686 emission that it did in 1982. Profound spectral changes
are also noted for other suspected and known LBVs. Several of the LBV
candidates also show >0.5 mag changes in V over the past 10-20 years. The
number of known or suspected LBVs is now 24 in M31, 37 in M33, 1 in NGC 6822,
and 3 in IC 10. We estimate that the total number of LBVs in M31 and M33 may be
several hundred, in contrast to the 8 known historically through large-scale
photometric variability. This has significant implications for the time scale
of the LBV phase. We also identify a few new WRs and peculiar emission-lined
objects.Comment: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. Version with higher quality
figures may be downloaded from http://www.lowell.edu/users/massey/has.pdf.g
Crítica a la teoría económica burguesa
La crítica marxista de las distintas posiciones burguesas es una expresión de la lucha de clases en el terreno de las ideas. Convencida de la importancia de dicha crítica, la Editorial Nuestro Tiempo ofrece este volumen que contiene artículos y fragmentos de libros de autores que, desde distintas perspectivas, han analizado la economía burguesa.
Se observará que se ha dado preferencia a la inclusión de autores latinoamericanos, profesores e investigadores que en Chile, Venezuela, Colombia y México han puesto su grano de arena en el difícil y aún descuidado terreno de la lucha teórica e ideológica
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