430 research outputs found
New Magnetic-Field-Induced Macroscopic Quantum Phenomenon in High- Cuprates: Confined Field-Induced Density Waves in the Superconducting State
We reveal a novel macroscopic quantum phenomenon induced by a magnetic field.
It corresponds to the {\it non-integer quantization of the superfluid density}
in a superconductor with gap nodes due to the generation of confined
field-induced density waves (CFIDW) over a portion of the Fermi surface (FS).
The Landau numbers are not sufficient to index these macroscopic quantum
states and new quanrum numbers must be added. Distinct qualitative
implications of this quantization are evident in a number of
puzzling experiments in high- cuprates including the plateaus behavior in
the field profile of thermal conductivity, field induced magnetic moments,
charge textures around the vortices, and field induced vortex-solid to cascade
vortex glass transitions.Comment: M2S Rio 200
Magnetic field induced singlet - triplet phase transition in quasi one-dimensional organic superconductors
We propose a theoretical model of quasi-one-dimensional superconductors, with
attractive electron-electron interactions dominant in the singlet d-wave
channel and sub-dominant in the p-wave channel. We discuss, in the mean field
approximation, the effect of a magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the
direction of the lowest conductivity. The lowest free energy phase corresponds
to a singlet d-wave symmetry in low fields, but to a triplet symmetry in high
fields. A first order singlet-triplet phase transition is expected at moderate
applied fields of a few teslas. We propose to ascribe the recent critical field
and NMR experimental data, observed in superconducting (TMTSF)2ClO4 to such an
effect.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted in EP
Coexistence of Superconductivity and Spin Density Wave orderings in the organic superconductor (TMTSF)_2PF_6
The phase diagram of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)_2PF_6 has been
revisited using transport measurements with an improved control of the applied
pressure. We have found a 0.8 kbar wide pressure domain below the critical
point (9.43 kbar, 1.2 K) for the stabilisation of the superconducting ground
state featuring a coexistence regime between spin density wave (SDW) and
superconductivity (SC). The inhomogeneous character of the said pressure domain
is supported by the analysis of the resistivity between T_SDW and T_SC and the
superconducting critical current. The onset temperature T_SC is practically
constant (1.20+-0.01 K) in this region where only the SC/SDW domain proportion
below T_SC is increasing under pressure. An homogeneous superconducting state
is recovered above the critical pressure with T_SC falling at increasing
pressure. We propose a model comparing the free energy of a phase exhibiting a
segregation between SDW and SC domains and the free energy of homogeneous
phases which explains fairly well our experimental findings.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, revised v: fig.9 added, section 4.2 rewritten,
accepted v: sections 4&5 improve
Solving the Richardson equations for Fermions
Forty years ago Richardson showed that the eigenstates of the pairing
Hamiltonian with constant interaction strength can be calculated by solving a
set of non-linear coupled equations. However, in the case of Fermions these
equations lead to singularities which made them very hard to solve. This letter
explains how these singularities can be avoided through a change of variables
making the Fermionic pairing problem numerically solvable for arbitrary single
particle energies and degeneracies.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.
The Bi-O-edge wavefront sensor: How Foucault-knife-edge variants can boost eXtreme Adaptive Optics
Direct detection of exoplanets around nearby stars requires advanced Adaptive
Optics (AO) systems. High order systems are needed to reach high Strehl Ratio
(SR) in near infrared and optical wavelengths on future Giant Segmented Mirror
Telescopes (GSMTs). Direct detection of faint exoplanets with the ESO ELT will
require some tens of thousand of correction modes. Resolution and sensitivity
of the wavefront sensor (WFS) are key requirements for this science case. We
present a new class of WFSs, the Bi-Orthogonal Foucault-knife-edge Sensors (or
Bi-O-edge), that is directly inspired by the Foucault knife edge test (Foucault
1859). The idea consists of using a beam-splitter producing two foci, each of
which is sensed by an edge with orthogonal direction to the other. We describe
two implementation concepts: The Bi-O-edge sensor can be realised with a sharp
edge and a tip-tilt modulation device (sharp Bi-O-edge) or with a smooth
gradual transmission over a grey edge (grey Bi-O-edge). A comparison between
the Bi-O-edge concepts and the 4-sided classical Pyramid Wavefront Sensor (PWS)
gives some important insights into the nature of the measurements.Our analysis
shows that the sensitivity gain of the Bi-O edge with respect to the PWS
depends on the system configuration. The gain is a function of the number of
control modes and the modulation angle. We found that for the sharp Bi-O-edge,
the gain in reduction of propagated photon noise variance approaches a
theoretical factor of 2 for a large number of control modes and small
modulation angle, meaning that the sharp Bi-O-edge only needs half of the
photons of the PWS to reach similar measurement accuracy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Quantum Limit in a Parallel Magnetic Field in Layered Conductors
We show that electron wave functions in a quasi-two-dimensional conductor in
a parallel magnetic field are always localized on conducting layers. Wave
functions and electron spectrum in a quantum limit, where the "sizes" of
quasi-classical electron orbits are of the order of nano-scale distances
between the layers, are determined. AC infrared measurements to investigate
Fermi surfaces and to test Fermi liquid theory in Q2D organic and high-Tc
materials in high magnetic fields, H = 10-45 T, are suggested.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Unification Theory of Angular Magnetoresistance Oscillations in Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductors
We present a unification theory of angular magnetoresistance oscillations,
experimentally observed in quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors, by solving
the Boltzmann kinetic equation in the extended Brillouin zone. We find that, at
commensurate directions of a magnetic field, resistivity exhibits strong
minima. In two limiting cases, our general solution reduces to the results,
previously obtained for the Lebed Magic Angles and Lee-Naughton-Lebed
oscillations. We demonstrate that our theoretical results are in good
qualitative and quantitative agreement with the existing measurements of
resistivity in (TMTSF)ClO conductor.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Soliton Wall Superlattice in Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductor (Per)2Pt(mnt)2
We suggest a model to explain the appearance of a high resistance high
magnetic field charge-density-wave (CDW) phase, discovered by D. Graf et al.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. v. 93, 076406 (2004)] in (Per)2Pt(mnt)2. In particular, we
show that the Pauli spin-splitting effects improve the nesting properties of a
realistic quasi-one-dimensional electron spectrum and, therefore, a high
resistance Peierls CDW phase is stabilized in high magnetic fields. In low and
very high magnetic fields, a periodic soliton wall superlattice (SWS) phase is
found to be a ground state. We suggest experimental studies of the predicted
phase transitions between the Peierls and SWS CDW phases in (Per)2Pt(mnt)2 to
discover a unique SWS phase.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters (February
19, 2007
Machine learning algorithms distinguish discrete digital emotional fingerprints for web pages related to back pain
Back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Its emergence relates not only to the musculoskeletal degeneration biological substrate but also to psychosocial factors; emotional components play a pivotal role. In modern society, people are significantly informed by the Internet; in turn, they contribute social validation to a “successful” digital information subset in a dynamic interplay. The Affective component of medical pages has not been previously investigated, a significant gap in knowledge since they represent a critical biopsychosocial feature. We tested the hypothesis that successful pages related to spine pathology embed a consistent emotional pattern, allowing discrimination from a control group. The pool of web pages related to spine or hip/knee pathology was automatically selected by relevance and popularity and submitted to automated sentiment analysis to generate emotional patterns. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were trained to predict page original topics from patterns with binary classification. ML showed high discrimination accuracy; disgust emerged as a discriminating emotion. The findings suggest that the digital affective “successful content” (collective consciousness) integrates patients’ biopsychosocial ecosystem, with potential implications for the emergence of chronic pain, and the endorsement of health-relevant specific behaviors. Awareness of such effects raises practical and ethical issues for health information providers
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