11,688 research outputs found
Coupled magnetic-ferroelectric metal-insulator transitions in epitaxially-strained SrCoO from first principles
First-principles calculations of the epitaxial-strain phase diagram of
perovskite SrCoO are presented. Through combination of the large
spin-phonon coupling with polarization-strain coupling and coupling of the band
gap to the polar distortion, both tensile and compressive epitaxial strain are
seen to drive the bulk ferromagnetic-metallic (FM-M) phase to
antiferromagnetic-insulating-ferroelectric (AFM-I-FE) phases, the latter having
unusually low elastic energy. At these coupled magnetic-ferroelectric
metal-insulator phase boundaries, cross responses to applied electric and
magnetic fields and stresses are expected. In particular, a magnetic field or
compressive uniaxial stress applied to the AFM phases could induce an
insulator-metal transition, and an electric field applied to the FM-M phase
could induce a metal-insulator transition.Comment: 2 figures and 1 tabl
Epitaxial-strain-induced multiferroicity in SrMnO from first principles
First-principles density-functional calculations reveal a large spin-phonon
coupling in cubic SrMnO, with ferromagnetic ordering producing a polar
instability. Through combination of this coupling with the strain-polarization
coupling characteristic of perovskites, the bulk antiferromagnetic paraelectric
ground state of SrMnO is shown to be driven to a previously unreported
multiferroic ferroelectric-ferromagnetic state by increasing epitaxial strain,
both tensile and compressive. This state has a computed polarization and
estimated Curie temperature above 54 C/cm and 92 K. Large mixed
magnetic-electric-elastic responses are predicted in the vicinity of the phase
boundaries.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
Higgs-Stoponium Mixing Near the Stop-Antistop Threshold
Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model contain additional heavy
neutral Higgs bosons that are coupled to heavy scalar top quarks (stops). This
system exhibits interesting field theoretic phenomena when the Higgs mass is
close to the stop-antistop production threshold. Existing work in the
literature has examined the digluon-to-diphoton cross section near threshold
and has focused on enhancements in the cross section that might arise either
from the perturbative contributions to the Higgs-to-digluon and
Higgs-to-diphoton form factors or from mixing of the Higgs boson with stoponium
states. Near threshold, enhancements in the relevant amplitudes that go as
inverse powers of the stop-antistop relative velocity require resummations of
perturbation theory and/or nonperturbative treatments. We present a complete
formulation of threshold effects at leading order in the stop-antistop relative
velocity in terms of nonrelativistic effective field theory. We give detailed
numerical calculations for the case in which the stop-antistop Green's function
is modeled with a Coulomb-Schr\"odinger Green's function. We find several
general effects that do not appear in a purely perturbative treatment.
Higgs-stop-antistop mixing effects displace physical masses from the threshold
region, thereby rendering the perturbative threshold enhancements inoperative.
In the case of large Higgs-stop-antistop couplings, the displacement of a
physical state above threshold substantially increases its width, owing to its
decay width to a stop-antistop pair, and greatly reduces its contribution to
the cross section.Comment: 45 pages, 13 figures, minor corrections, references added, figures
2--5 updated, version published in Phys. Rev.
Macroscopic quantum effects generated by the acoustic wave in a molecular magnet
We have shown that the size of the magnetization step due to resonant spin
tunneling in a molecular magnet can be strongly affected by sound. The
transverse acoustic wave can also generate macroscopic quantum beats of the
magnetization during the field sweep.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Discovery Of Ethanol-Responsive Small Rnas In Zymomonas Mobilis
Zymomonas mobilis is a bacterium that can produce ethanol by fermentation. Due to its unique metabolism and efficient ethanol production, Z. mobilis has attracted special interest for biofuel energy applications; an important area of study is the regulation of those specific metabolic pathways. Small RNAs (sRNAs) have been studied as molecules that function as transcriptional regulators in response to cellular stresses. While sRNAs have been discovered in various organisms by computational prediction and experimental approaches, their discovery in Z. mobilis has not yet been reported. In this study, we have applied transcriptome analysis and computational predictions to facilitate identification and validation of 15 novel sRNAs in Z. mobilis. We furthermore characterized their expression in the context of high and low levels of intracellular ethanol. Here, we report that 3 of the sRNAs (Zms2, Zms4, and Zms6) are differentially expressed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, when low and high ethanol productions are observed, respectively. Importantly, when we tested the effect of ethanol stress on the expression of sRNAs in Z. mobilis, Zms2, Zms6, and Zms18 showed differential expression under 5% ethanol stress conditions. These data suggest that in this organism regulatory RNAs can be associated with metabolic functions involved in ethanol stress responses.NSF CBET-1254754Welch Foundation F-1756Cellular and Molecular BiologyChemical Engineerin
MCMCpack: Markov Chain Monte Carlo in R
We introduce MCMCpack, an R package that contains functions to perform Bayesian inference using posterior simulation for a number of statistical models. In addition to code that can be used to fit commonly used models, MCMCpack also contains some useful utility functions, including some additional density functions and pseudo-random number generators for statistical distributions, a general purpose Metropolis sampling algorithm, and tools for visualization.
Student Responses to Merit Retention Rules
A common justification for HOPE-style merit-aid programs is to promote and reward academic achievement, thereby inducing greater investments in human capital. However, grade-based eligibility and retention rules encourage other behavioral responses. Using the longitudinal records of all undergraduates who enrolled at the University of Georgia (UGA) between 1989 and 1997, we estimate the effects of HOPE on course enrollment, withdrawal and completion, and the diversion of course taking from the academic year to the summer, treating non-residents as a control group. First, we find that HOPE decreased full-load enrollments and increased course withdrawals among resident freshmen. The combination of these responses results in an 11\% lower probability of full-load completion and an annual average reduction in credits completed of 1.0. The latter implies that between 1993 and 1997 Georgia-resident freshmen completed 15,710 fewer credit hours or 3,142 individual course enrollments than non-residents. Second, the scholarship's influence on course-taking behavior is concentrated on students with GPAs on or below the scholarship-retention margin. Third, the effect increased as the income cap was lifted and more students became eligible for the award. Fourth, these freshmen credit-hour reductions represent an intertemporal substitution, not a general slowdown in academic progress. Finally, residents diverted an average of 1.65 more credits from the regular academic year to the first summer term after their matriculation, which amounts to a 72\% rise in summer course taking.Education, Merit-based aid, Education Finance, HOPE Scholarship
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