Work-Family Dynamics Among Working Mothers in the United States

The current research consists of three studies evaluating the body of work–family conflict literature and examining work–family balance and work–family conflict experiences of working mothers in the United States. The first study addressed the research question: To what extent are voices of marginalized individuals and families recognized in work– family conflict studies? Content analysis was conducted of sixty-seven empirical articles containing 245 hypotheses/research questions in work–family conflict studies (1980– 2016). A conceptual framework, “The Ecology of Justice,” was developed to analyze data. Results indicated work–family conflict studies were less inclusive and less representative of underprivileged working individuals and families, but were theoretically grounded and methodologically strong. The second study used bioecological theory in a longitudinal examination of work–family balance among working mothers, asking the question: What is the role of positive work–family spillover in relationships between a nonstandard work schedule and work–family balance, and between relationship quality and work–family balance, and do these relationships differ based on education level, family-friendly workplace policies, and race? Path analysis was used on longitudinal data consisting of four time periods and 302 full-time working mothers with children age 4 to 9. Results showed the association between relationship quality and work–family balance was partially mediated by positive family–to–work spillover, and moderated by availability of family-friendly policies. The third study used bioecological theory to examine within- and between-person differences in work–family conflict experiences of working mothers, asking the question: Are there within- and between-person differences among working mothers in their work–to–family and family–to–work conflict experiences over time, and what factors account for these differences? Multilevel modeling was used on longitudinal data consisting of four time periods and containing 302 full-time working mothers with children age 4 to 9. Results illustrated significant within- and between-person variance in work–to–family and family–to–work conflict experiences of working mothers over time. Taken together, underprivileged working mothers face high levels of work–family conflict and struggle to maintain a healthy work–family balance, yet they remain under-represented in work–family literature

Customer satisfaction and awareness about Islamic banking system

The islamic banking is not a new idea in the world. The islamic banking has the fast growth in different islamic and non islamic countries. This study examine the relationship between the customer satisfaction and awareness about islamic banking in Pakistan and also examine the services qualities of both conventional and islamic banking based on different facilities offered by Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan . In this study, the data was collected through the use of 49 items questioner with 4 main variables. The major findings of the study confirm that customers of both the banks are satisfied with their facilities offered by banks but the customer of both banks are not aware about the different financial services provided by Islamic banks. Keywords: Islamic banking, Financial Services and Satisfection

Customer satisfaction and awareness about Islamic banking system

The islamic banking is not a new idea in the world. The islamic banking has the fast growth in different islamic and non islamic countries. This study examine the relationship between the customer satisfaction and awareness about islamic banking in Pakistan and also examine the services qualities of both conventional and islamic banking based on different facilities offered by Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan . In this study, the data was collected through the use of 49 items questioner with 4 main variables. The major findings of the study confirm that customers of both the banks are satisfied with their facilities offered by banks but the customer of both banks are not aware about the different financial services provided by Islamic banks. Keywords: Islamic banking, Financial Services and Satisfection

Portfolio Management And Disposition Effect Empirical Evidence From Pakistan.

Kahneman and Tversky’s approach to preference under uncertainty is aversion to loss realization. This paper is an attempt to highlight this phenomenon with a unique approach. In order to beat the market fund managers are required to manage their portfolio at regular intervals. The tendency to sell the winners too early and ride the losers for long “disposition effect” can affect the Management decision of fund managers. This paper investigates the mediating role of disposition effect between mental accounting, aversion to regret, self control and portfolio Management. For this purpose we use the extended version of Shefrin and Statman framework and include Dyl’s tax consideration. In order to provide empirical evidence survey has been conducted from mutual fund managers.  CFA and Cronbach’s alpha is used to test the reliability of the instrument. AMOS tool is used to test the structure equation model for disposition effect and portfolio Management. Results confirmed that disposition effect plays significant role of mediator between mental accounting, aversion to regret, self control and portfolio Management. However tax consideration has direct loading on forward Management. It means that disposition effect plays significant role in decisions of fund managers; however investors are aware of tax consideration

Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in MENA region and the Role of Islamic Finance

This paper analyses the socio-economic impact of the noble Corona virus (COVID-19) on ‘Middle East and North Africa’ (MENA) region as well as the role and opportunities of Islamic finance post COVID-19. The findings show that pandemic has affected the MENA region massively like any other region in the world. Since around 69% of the word’s crude oil supply is from this region alone, this causes it to suffer from dual shocks of COVID-19 pandemic as well as the declining crude prices that is caused by shocks from both ends, negative supply shock and a negative demand shock. The 19 countries in MENA region include from some of the richest countries of the world such as, Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, to some of the most vulnerable, poor and war ridden countries like Yemen, Syria, and Morocco. To mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic, we suggest some immediate actions that can be taken such as a public fund to support health system, financial support to individuals and SME’s, financial support to corporations in order to prevent job loss and layoff and assurance of liquidity in domestic markets to prevent liquidity crunch. Finally, the paper analyses the role of Islamic finance in the region in recovery post COVID-19 and show that Islamic finance can be utilized as an alternative financial system in providing the relief to the COVID-19 affected people and entrepreneurs

Incoherent Transport through Molecules on Silicon in the vicinity of a Dangling Bond

We theoretically study the effect of a localized unpaired dangling bond (DB) on occupied molecular orbital conduction through a styrene molecule bonded to a n++ H:Si(001)-(2x1) surface. For molecules relatively far from the DB, we find good agreement with the reported experiment using a model that accounts for the electrostatic contribution of the DB, provided we include some dephasing due to low lying phonon modes. However, for molecules within 10 angstrom to the DB, we have to include electronic contribution as well along with higher dephasing to explain the transport features.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Theoretical study of isolated dangling bonds, dangling bond wires and dangling bond clusters on H:Si(100)-(2×\times1) surface

We theoretically study the electronic band structure of isolated unpaired and paired dangling bonds (DB), DB wires and DB clusters on H:Si(100)-(2$\times$1) surface using Extended H\"uckel Theory (EHT) and report their effect on the Si band gap. An isolated unpaired DB introduces a near-midgap state, whereas a paired DB leads to $\pi$ and $\pi^*$ states, similar to those introduced by an unpassivated asymmetric dimer (AD) Si(100)-(2$\times$1) surface. Such induced states have very small dispersion due to their isolation from the other states, which reside in conduction and valence band. On the other hand, the surface state induced due to an unpaired DB wire in the direction along the dimer row (referred to as $[\bar{1}10]$), has large dispersion due to the strong coupling between the adjacent DBs, being 3.84$\AA$ apart. However, in the direction perpendicular to the dimer row (referred to as [110]), due to the reduced coupling between the DBs being 7.68$\AA$ apart, the dispersion in the surface state is similar to that of an isolated unpaired DB. Apart from this, a paired DB wire in $[\bar{1}10]$ direction introduces $\pi$ and $\pi^*$ states similar to those of an AD surface and a paired DB wire in [110] direction exhibits surface states similar to those of an isolated paired DB, as expected. Besides this, we report the electronic structure of different DB clusters, which exhibit states inside the band gap that can be interpreted as superpositions of states due to unpaired and paired DBs.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure, 1 tabl

Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic blood supply from right renal artery

Extrahepatic blood supply is seen in around 17-27% of hepatocellular carcinoma lesions. Evidence suggests that this extrahepatic supply most commonly originates from a right intercostal artery (70-83%) followed by left intercostal, omental and right renal arteries. Thus a comprehensive knowledge of variations in standard vascular anatomy and cognisance of factors influencing or predicting extrahepatic blood supply in HCC is instrumental in ensuring the success of surgical and interventional procedures. We present the unusual case of a 66-year-old male with HCC in Segment I of the liver with aberrant blood supply from the right renal artery in the absence of any risk factors for extrahepatic circulation. He successfully underwent transarterial chemoembolization. There was no evidence of residual disease on repeat imaging

A low-cost intervention for cleaner drinking water in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: To pilot test an inexpensive, home-based water decontamination and storage system in a low-income neighborhood of Karachi.Methods: Fifty households received a 20-L plastic water storage vessel with a high-quality spout and a regular supply of diluted hypochlorite solution. Twenty-five control households were recruited. Water samples were collected at baseline and during unannounced follow-up visits 1, 3, 6, and 10 weeks later.Results: Baseline drinking water samples among intervention households were contaminated with a mean 9397 colony-forming units (cfu)/100 mL of thermotolerant coliforms compared with a mean 10,990 cfu/100 mL from controls. After intervention the mean concentration of thermotolerant coliforms decreased by 99.8% among the intervention households compared with an 8% reduction among controls. Two years after vessel distribution, 34 (68%) of the families were still using the vessel. Thirteen of the households had stopped using their vessel because it had broken after more than 6 months of use, a pattern most consistent with ultraviolet radiation-induced degradation of the plastic.CONCLUSIONS: In a highly contaminated environment, a specifically designed water storage container and in-home water chlorination was acceptable and markedly improved water quality. Where plastic water vessels will be exposed to substantial sunlight, ultraviolet light stabilizers should be incorporated into the plastic