Trends in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of future light duty electric vehicles

The majority of previous studies examining life cycle greenhouse gas (LCGHG) emissions of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have focused on efficiency-oriented vehicle designs with limited battery capacities. However, two dominant trends in the US BEV market make these studies increasingly obsolete: sales show significant increases in battery capacity and attendant range and are increasingly dominated by large luxury or high-performance vehicles. In addition, an era of new use and ownership models may mean significant changes to vehicle utilization, and the carbon intensity of electricity is expected to decrease. Thus, the question is whether these trends significantly alter our expectations of future BEV LCGHG emissions. To answer this question, three archetypal vehicle designs for the year 2025 along with scenarios for increased range and different use models are simulated in an LCGHG model: an efficiency-oriented compact vehicle; a high performance luxury sedan; and a luxury sport utility vehicle. While production emissions are less than 10% of LCGHG emissions for today's gasoline vehicles, they account for about 40% for a BEV, and as much as two-thirds of a future BEV operated on a primarily renewable grid. Larger battery systems and low utilization do not outweigh expected reductions in emissions from electricity used for vehicle charging. These trends could be exacerbated by increasing BEV market shares for larger vehicles. However, larger battery systems could reduce per-mile emissions of BEVs in high mileage applications, like on-demand ride sharing or shared vehicle fleets, meaning that trends in use patterns may countervail those in BEV design

Integral Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem

We show that, in characteristic zero, the obvious integral version of the Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch formula obtained by clearing the denominators of the Todd and Chern characters is true (without having to divide the Chow groups by their torsion subgroups). The proof introduces an alternative to Grothendieck's strategy: we use resolution of singularities and the weak factorization theorem for birational maps.Comment: 24 page

Strawberry Leaf-roller Control

The strawberry leaf-roller is the most serious insect pest on the strawberry in Iowa. It feeds on the plants thruout the summer, increasing in abundance if not controlled, so that the plants may suffer severe injury after the crop has been removed. In the larva or worm stage, the insect feeds between the two halves of a leaf, which is folded along the midrib and fastened together with web. The presence of such leaves in a patch is the best indication of infestation by the leaf-roller. The larvae feed only on one leaf surface, leaving the other intact so that it dries and turns brown

On the number of representations providing noiseless subsystems

This paper studies the combinatoric structure of the set of all representations, up to equivalence, of a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra. This has intrinsic interest as a previously unsolved problem in representation theory, and also has applications to the understanding of quantum decoherence. We prove that for Hilbert spaces of sufficiently high dimension, decoherence-free subspaces exist for almost all representations of the error algebra. For decoherence-free subsystems, we plot the function $f_d(n)$ which is the fraction of all $d$-dimensional quantum systems which preserve $n$ bits of information through DF subsystems, and note that this function fits an inverse beta distribution. The mathematical tools which arise include techniques from classical number theory.Comment: 17 pp, 4 figs, accepted for Physical Review

On the integral cohomology of smooth toric varieties

Let $X_\Sigma$ be a smooth, not necessarily compact toric variety. We show that a certain complex, defined in terms of the fan $\Sigma$, computes the integral cohomology of $X_\Sigma$, including the module structure over the homology of the torus. In some cases we can also give the product. As a corollary we obtain that the cycle map from Chow groups to integral Borel-Moore homology is split injective for smooth toric varieties. Another result is that the differential algebra of singular cochains on the Borel construction of $X_\Sigma$ is formal.Comment: 10 page

Grothendieck groups and a categorification of additive invariants

A topologically-invariant and additive homology class is mostly not a natural transformation as it is. In this paper we discuss turning such a homology class into a natural transformation; i.e., a "categorification" of it. In a general categorical set-up we introduce a generalized relative Grothendieck group from a cospan of functors of categories and also consider a categorification of additive invariants on objects. As an example, we obtain a general theory of characteristic homology classes of singular varieties.Comment: 27 pages, to appear in International J. Mathematic

Schur Q-functions and degeneracy locus formulas for morphisms with symmetries

We give closed-form formulas for the fundamental classes of degeneracy loci associated with vector bundle maps given locally by (not necessary square) matrices which are symmetric (resp. skew-symmetric) w.r.t. the main diagonal. Our description uses essentially Schur Q-polynomials of a bundle, and is based on a certain push-forward formula for these polynomials in a Grassmann bundle.Comment: 22 pages, AMSTEX, misprints corrected, exposition improved. to appear in the Proceedings of Intersection Theory Conference in Bologna, "Progress in Mathematics", Birkhause

Decoherence-full subsystems and the cryptographic power of a private shared reference frame

We show that private shared reference frames can be used to perform private quantum and private classical communication over a public quantum channel. Such frames constitute a novel type of private shared correlation (distinct from private classical keys or shared entanglement) useful for cryptography. We present optimally efficient schemes for private quantum and classical communication given a finite number of qubits transmitted over an insecure channel and given a private shared Cartesian frame and/or a private shared reference ordering of the qubits. We show that in this context, it is useful to introduce the concept of a decoherence-full subsystem, wherein every state is mapped to the completely mixed state under the action of the decoherence.Comment: 13 pages, published versio

Classical and quantum communication without a shared reference frame

We show that communication without a shared reference frame is possible using entangled states. Both classical and quantum information can be communicated with perfect fidelity without a shared reference frame at a rate that asymptotically approaches one classical bit or one encoded qubit per transmitted qubit. We present an optical scheme to communicate classical bits without a shared reference frame using entangled photon pairs and linear optical Bell state measurements.Comment: 4 pages, published versio

Long-Period Giant Companions to Three Compact, Multiplanet Systems

Understanding the relationship between long-period giant planets and multiple smaller short-period planets is critical for formulating a complete picture of planet formation. This work characterizes three such systems. We present Kepler-65, a system with an eccentric (e = 0.28 ± 0.07) giant planet companion discovered via radial velocities (RVs) exterior to a compact, multiply transiting system of sub-Neptune planets. We also use precision RVs to improve mass and radius constraints on two other systems with similar architectures, Kepler-25 and Kepler-68. In Kepler-68 we propose a second exterior giant planet candidate. Finally, we consider the implications of these systems for planet formation models, particularly that the moderate eccentricity in Kepler-65\u27s exterior giant planet did not disrupt its inner system