Arc Extinguishing in the DC and Photovoltaic Networks

In this contribution the various behaviors of arc voltage created with extinguishing system and the influenceon current and energy released behavior in the extinction system are theoretically and experimentallyanalyzed. In the area of photovoltaic it represents the increase of working voltages up to 1500 V. Inthe experimental part the oscilogrammes of DC current interruption with various extinction systems arepresented. For the reliability of current interruption mainly in the photovoltaic (PV) networks it is necessaryto dedicate increased attention to development and design of switch and protection gears

Die Belastungen durch chemotherapie-induziertes Erbrechen und Übelkeit auf einer pädiatrischen, hämatologischen und onkologischen Station:eine retrospektive Analyse

Chemotherapie-induziertes Erbrechen und Übelkeit stellen auch heute noch eine große Belastung im Alltag einer onkologischen Station dar. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war ein Transparenzgewinn und eine Objektivierung der Belastungen durch CINV im pädiatrischen Bereich. Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie an 50 Kindern. Die Belastungen durch CINV konnten gezeigt werden. Mädchen zeigten mehr Probleme als Jungen. Kinder unter 3 Jahren waren weniger betroffen. Die Daten dieser Untersuchung stellen eine Grundlage für weiterführende Studien dar. Sie gibt praktische Hinweise, die zu einer Verbesserung der antiemetischen Therapie, besonders im pädiatrischen Bereich, führen können. Eine entwickelte Tabelle soll die antiemetische Therapie auf den pädiatrischen Stationen erleichtern

Stepwise fabrication and optimization of coplanar waveguide resonator hybrid devices

From the background of microwave-optomechanical experiments involving carbon nanotubes, the optimization of superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator devices is discussed. Two devices, one with unmodified geometry compared to previous work and one integrating several improvements, are lithographically built up step by step. After each step, the low temperature GHz transmission properties are retested. This allows to identify the impact of the fabrication and the geometry modification on the device properties. In addition, simplified circuit geometries are modeled numerically, confirming the experimental results and providing further insights for optimization.Comment: 4 figure, 5 page

Vortex pinning by natural defects in thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Although vortex pinning in laser-ablated YBa2Cu3O7−δ films on (100) SrTiO3 is dominated by threading dislocations, many other natural pinning sites are present. To identify the contribution from twin planes, surface corrugations and point defects, we manipulate the relative densities of all defects by post-annealing films with various as-grown dislocation densities, ndisl. While a universal magnetic field B dependence of the transport current density js(B, T) is observed (independently of ndisl, temperature T and the annealing treatment), the defect structure changes considerably. Correlating the microstructure to js(B, T), it becomes clear that surface roughness, twins and point defects are not important at low magnetic fields compared to linear defect pinning. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that threading dislocations are not part of grain boundaries nor are they related to the twin domain structure. We conclude that js(B, T) is essentially determined by pinning along threading dislocations, naturally induced during the growth process. Even in high magnetic fields, where the vortex density outnumbers ndisl, it appears that linear defects stabilize the vortex lattice by means of the vortex–vortex interaction.

An Agent-Based Approach to Self-Organized Production

The chapter describes the modeling of a material handling system with the production of individual units in a scheduled order. The units represent the agents in the model and are transported in the system which is abstracted as a directed graph. Since the hindrances of units on their path to the destination can lead to inefficiencies in the production, the blockages of units are to be reduced. Therefore, the units operate in the system by means of local interactions in the conveying elements and indirect interactions based on a measure of possible hindrances. If most of the units behave cooperatively ("socially"), the blockings in the system are reduced. A simulation based on the model shows the collective behavior of the units in the system. The transport processes in the simulation can be compared with the processes in a real plant, which gives conclusions about the consequencies for the production based on the superordinate planning.Comment: For related work see http://www.soms.ethz.c

Physics of Neutron Star Crusts

The physics of neutron star crusts is vast, involving many different research fields, from nuclear and condensed matter physics to general relativity. This review summarizes the progress, which has been achieved over the last few years, in modeling neutron star crusts, both at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The confrontation of these theoretical models with observations is also briefly discussed.Comment: 182 pages, published version available at <http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2008-10

Anisotropic Vortex Squeezing in Synthetic Rashba Superconductors: A Manifestation of Lifshitz Invariants

Epitaxial superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures combine superconductivity with strong spin-orbit interaction resulting in synthetic Rashba superconductors. The theoretical description of such superconductors involves Lifshitz invariants that are predicted to feature numerous exotic effects with so far sparse experimental evidence. Using a new observable—vortex inductance—we investigate the pinning properties of epitaxial Al/InAs-based heterostructures. We find a pronounced decrease of the vortex inductance with increasing in-plane field which corresponds to a counterintuitive increase of the pinning force. When rotating the in-plane component of the field with respect to the current direction, the pinning interaction turns out to be highly anisotropic. We analytically demonstrate that both the pinning enhancement and its anisotropy are consequences of the presence of Lifshitz invariant terms in the Ginzburg-Landau free energy. Hence, our experiment provides access to a fundamental property of Rashba superconductors and offers an entirely new approach to vortex manipulation

Evidence Map of Pancreatic Surgery–A living systematic review with meta-analyses by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS)

Background: Pancreatic surgery is associated with considerable morbidity and, consequently, offers a large and complex field for research. To prioritize relevant future scientific projects, it is of utmost importance to identify existing evidence and uncover research gaps. Thus, the aim of this project was to create a systematic and living Evidence Map of Pancreatic Surgery. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews on pancreatic surgery. Outcomes from every existing randomized controlled trial were extracted, and trial quality was assessed. Systematic reviews were used to identify an absence of randomized controlled trials. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews on identical subjects were grouped according to research topics. A web-based evidence map modeled after a mind map was created to visualize existing evidence. Meta-analyses of specific outcomes of pancreatic surgery were performed for all research topics with more than 3 randomized controlled trials. For partial pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy, pooled benchmarks for outcomes were calculated with a 99% confidence interval. The evidence map undergoes regular updates. Results: Out of 30, 860 articles reviewed, 328 randomized controlled trials on 35, 600 patients and 332 systematic reviews were included and grouped into 76 research topics. Most randomized controlled trials were from Europe (46%) and most systematic reviews were from Asia (51%). A living meta-analysis of 21 out of 76 research topics (28%) was performed and included in the web-based evidence map. Evidence gaps were identified in 11 out of 76 research topics (14%). The benchmark for mortality was 2% (99% confidence interval: 1%–2%) for partial pancreatoduodenectomy and <1% (99% confidence interval: 0%–1%) for distal pancreatectomy. The benchmark for overall complications was 53% (99%confidence interval: 46%–61%) for partial pancreatoduodenectomy and 59% (99% confidence interval: 44%–80%) for distal pancreatectomy. Conclusion: The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery Evidence Map of Pancreatic Surgery, which is freely accessible via www.evidencemap.surgery and as a mobile phone app, provides a regularly updated overview of the available literature displayed in an intuitive fashion. Clinical decision making and evidence-based patient information are supported by the primary data provided, as well as by living meta-analyses. Researchers can use the systematic literature search and processed data for their own projects, and funding bodies can base their research priorities on evidence gaps that the map uncovers. © 2021 The Author

Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 Control Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Thyroid hormone (TH) transporters are required for the transmembrane passage of TH in target cells. In humans, inactivating mutations in the TH transporter MCT8 cause the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, characterized by severe neuromuscular symptoms and an abnormal TH serum profile, which is fully replicated in Mct8 knockout mice and Mct8/Oatp1c1 double-knockout (M/O DKO) mice. Analysis of tissue TH content and expression of TH-regulated genes indicate a thyrotoxic state in Mct8-deficient skeletal muscles. Both TH transporters are upregulated in activated satellite cells (SCs). In M/O DKO mice, we observed a strongly reduced number of differentiated SCs, suggesting an impaired stem cell function. Moreover, M/O DKO mice and mice lacking both transporters exclusively in SCs showed impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Our data provide solid evidence for a unique gate-keeper function of MCT8 and OATP1C1 in SC activation, underscoring the importance of a finely tuned TH signaling during myogenesis. In this article, Mayerl and colleagues demonstrate that the thyroid hormone transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 are unique gate-keepers in activated muscle stem cells. The expression of both transporters increases upon activation of muscle stem cells, while loss of MCT8 and OATP1C1 expression results in impaired muscle stem cell differentiation