ThermoMechaLimestone

This data set gives nearly 5 years of temperature and displacements recorded on and in a limestone cliff. An extensive presentation of the monitoring device can be found in (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2020, 2015) and is summarized below. Interpretation of data is proposed in Gasc-Barbier et al. (submitted) Instrum.jpg display the hazard zone. We can see a perched cave in a limestone cliff where a part of its roof had collapsed. On its roof an unstable beam reminds. This remaining beam is delimited by a horizontal interlayer thinning from East to West, hanging to the roof of the cave at the west and east-clamped in the rock mass. Opened fractures can be observed all around the beam. In order to assess the remaining hazard, 4 fissurometers (F1 to F4) and a thermal probe were installed on the roof of the cave and two borehole extensometers (D1 and D2) were drilled perpendicular to the face of the cliff, above the cave, to understand the global behaviour of the rock mass. The four fissurometers were positioned around the remaining beam to quantify the aperture of the joints, in order to evaluate the relative movement of the blocks, according to changes in external conditions: F1 near the east-clamped end of the beam, and the three others on the west part: Two of them (F3 and F4) were fixed across a horizontal joint and a vertical joint respectively, F2 is positioned across the vertical joint in a 45° angle. The thermal probe was fixed on the roof of the cavity near the three. Fissurometers are LVDT strain gauges that measure displacements between their two extremes with a resolution of 1/10 th mm. DATA-Fissuromètres gives a record per hour. The borehole extensometers (D1 & D2) are RockTest / Télémac distofor@ anchored in the rock mass at the end of the borehole at a depth of 8 m from the cliff wall. Both were prepared with three displacement measuring points at depths of 2 m, 4 m and 6 m from the cliff wall and temperature measuring points at 2 m and 6 m depth. The supplier gives a measuring range of 100 mm, a resolution lower than 0.01 mm. Given the length of the rods used (8 m), the precision is about 0.05 mm. The operating temperature must remain between 0° and 50 °C. The devices were placed perpendicular to the rock face, about 4 m and 7.5 m above the roof of the cave cavity (see Gasc-Barbier et al. submitted). DATA_Extenso.xls gives a record per hour. Measurements lasts between July 2010 until April 2015. They were stopped when reinforcement works were proceeded in the cave in order to secure the village. Gasc-Barbier et al, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020013 Gasc-Barbier, M., Virely, D., Guittard, J., 2015. Thermal fatigue in rocks- la roque-gageac’ case study, in: 13th ISRM International Congress of Rock Mechanics. Montreal, Canada. Gasc-Barbier, M., Merrien-Soukatchoff, Virely, D. submitted. The role of natural thermal cycles on a limestone cliff mechanical behaviour. Submitted to Engineering Geology

FracturationInRockMass

These data were collected before excavating a high cutting in a migmatitic rock for the creation of a bypass in the French Pyrenees (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2008). They can be used to understand the fracturation of the rock mass or to test design methods. Location: Ax-les-Thermes lies 130 km south of Toulouse, just 30 km from the border between France and Andorra, in the primary axial zone of the French Pyrenees. Three orogenic phases that affected the entire mountain lead to considerable fracturing of the site, which is apparent in different forms depending on the area studied. Geological information: The bypass encounters Quaternary superficial formations, fluvioglacial materials, and then the rock substratum, where the benchmark takes place. The slope understudy is mainly composed of Augen gneiss and leptinic gneiss, in practice it is impossible to separate them into two distinct areas and hence the formation is best described as migmatite (in the widest sense). All these rocks are heavily fractured Scanlines (scanlines.xls): For several reasons, excavation was stopped when the proposed 42 m high cutting was 15 m high. This provided an opportunity to realize scanlines on the new cuttings to obtain statistical information on the joint properties “in” the rock mass. A scanline is a horizontal line (of about 10 m) drawn on a rock face. The scanline should have spatial references (dip and dip direction if possible). The standard properties of all the joints that intersect the line are mapped: dip, dip direction, spacing, trace length, weathering, aperture, infill, and roughness. Several lines in different directions were drawn in order to try to intersect the maximum number of joint sets. In this particular case and because of the geometry of the site, the scanlines were drawn on three faces as depicted in scanline_location.png but their lengths were quite different. 11 horizontal scanlines (from 6 to 30 m) were plotted including 856 discontinuities over 181.5 m (scanlines.xls). Borehole images: Two boreholes (SC43.pdf and SP47.pdf) were inspected by camera. Mechanical data, elastic waves velocities, uniaxial and Brazilian tests, and shear tests on natural joints are provided on labo_Ax.xl

FracturationInRockMass

These data were collected before excavating a high cutting in a migmatitic rock for the creation of a bypass in the French Pyrenees (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2008). They can be used to understand the fracturation of the rock mass or to test design methods. Location: Ax-les-Thermes lies 130 km south of Toulouse, just 30 km from the border between France and Andorra, in the primary axial zone of the French Pyrenees. Three orogenic phases that affected the entire mountain lead to considerable fracturing of the site, which is apparent in different forms depending on the area studied. Geological information: The bypass encounters Quaternary superficial formations, fluvioglacial materials, and then the rock substratum, where the benchmark takes place. The slope understudy is mainly composed of Augen gneiss and leptinic gneiss, in practice it is impossible to separate them into two distinct areas and hence the formation is best described as migmatite (in the widest sense). All these rocks are heavily fractured Scanlines (scanlines.xls): For several reasons, excavation was stopped when the proposed 42 m high cutting was 15 m high. This provided an opportunity to realize scanlines on the new cuttings to obtain statistical information on the joint properties “in” the rock mass. A scanline is a horizontal line (of about 10 m) drawn on a rock face. The scanline should have spatial references (dip and dip direction if possible). The standard properties of all the joints that intersect the line are mapped: dip, dip direction, spacing, trace length, weathering, aperture, infill, and roughness. Several lines in different directions were drawn in order to try to intersect the maximum number of joint sets. In this particular case and because of the geometry of the site, the scanlines were drawn on three faces as depicted in scanline_location.png but their lengths were quite different. 11 horizontal scanlines (from 6 to 30 m) were plotted including 856 discontinuities over 181.5 m (scanlines.xls). Borehole images: Two boreholes (SC43.pdf and SP47.pdf) were inspected by camera. borehole.xlxs summarizes the data Mechanical data, elastic waves velocities, uniaxial and Brazilian tests, and shear tests on natural joints are provided on labo_Ax.xl

De l’utilisation d’échantillons humides en porosimétrie au mercure

Les échantillons placés dans un porosimètre à mercure sont classiquement ou bien séchés ou bien lyophilisés avant expérience. Ces techniques d’analyse permettent d’avoir accès à la totalité du spectre de distribution des tailles des pores connectés. Dans le cas de roches très raides et peu poreuses, cette procédure expérimentale avec lyophilisation ou séchage risque de créer artificiellement des microfissures nouvelles altérant le réseau poreux initial, surtout si le séchage n’est pas suffisamment lent. Ce travail étudie donc la faisabilité d’essais sur échantillons humides afin d’appréhender au mieux le réseau de pore connecté « vrai »

Comportement au cisaillement d’un joint rocheux naturel

Les discontinuités jouent un rôle majeur dans la stabilité des massifs rocheux. Différentes méthodes expérimentales et numériques existent pour les étudier. A l’heure où le blue book de la Société internationale de mécanique des roches (ISRM, 2007) est réédité, s’interroger sur les procédures les plus à même de caractériser le comportement du massif rocheux et plus spécifiquement des discontinuités reste particulièrement d’actualité. Cet article présente les dispositifs expérimentaux en place au LRPC de Toulouse, décrit les procédures d’essais courantes et souligne les difficultés rencontrées dans une optique de modélisation et de dimensionnement. La démarche implique la réalisation d’essais sur discontinuités naturelles et leur représentation au moyen des lois de comportement proposées dans le logiciel de calcul UDEC

FracturationInRockMass

These data were collected before excavating a high cutting in a migmatitic rock for the creation of a bypass in the French Pyrenees (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2008). They can be used to understand the fracturation of the rock mass or to test design methods. Location: Ax-les-Thermes lies 130 km south of Toulouse, just 30 km from the border between France and Andorra, in the primary axial zone of the French Pyrenees. Three orogenic phases that affected the entire mountain lead to considerable fracturing of the site, which is apparent in different forms depending on the area studied. Geological information: The bypass encounters Quaternary superficial formations, fluvioglacial materials, and then the rock substratum, where the benchmark takes place. The slope understudy is mainly composed of Augen gneiss and leptinic gneiss, in practice it is impossible to separate them into two distinct areas and hence the formation is best described as migmatite (in the widest sense). All these rocks are heavily fractured Scanlines (scanlines.xls): For several reasons, excavation was stopped when the proposed 42 m high cutting was 15 m high. This provided an opportunity to realize scanlines on the new cuttings to obtain statistical information on the joint properties “in” the rock mass. A scanline is a horizontal line (of about 10 m) drawn on a rock face. The scanline should have spatial references (dip and dip direction if possible). The standard properties of all the joints that intersect the line are mapped: dip, dip direction, spacing, trace length, weathering, aperture, infill, and roughness. Several lines in different directions were drawn in order to try to intersect the maximum number of joint sets. In this particular case and because of the geometry of the site, the scanlines were drawn on three faces as depicted in scanline_location.png but their lengths were quite different. 11 horizontal scanlines (from 6 to 30 m) were plotted including 856 discontinuities over 181.5 m (scanlines.xls). Borehole images: Two boreholes (SC43.pdf and SP47.pdf) were inspected by camera. Mechanical data, elastic waves velocities, uniaxial and Brazilian tests, and shear tests on natural joints are provided on labo_Ax.xl

ThermoMechaLimestone

This data set gives more than 11 years of temperature and displacements recorded on and in a limestone cliff. An extensive presentation of the monitoring device can be found in (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2020, 2015) and is summarized below. Interpretation of data is proposed in Gasc-Barbier et al. (2021) LaRG20102021_instrum.jpg displays the hazard zone. We can see a perched cave in a limestone cliff where a part of its roof had collapsed. On its roof an unstable beam reminds. This remaining beam is delimited by a horizontal interlayer thinning from East to West, hanging to the roof of the cave at the west and east-clamped in the rock mass. Opened fractures can be observed all around the beam. In order to assess the remaining hazard, 4 fissurometers (F1 to F4) and a thermal probe were installed on the roof of the cave and two borehole extensometers (D1 and D2) were drilled perpendicular to the face of the cliff, above the cave, to understand the global behaviour of the rock mass. The four fissurometers were positioned around the remaining beam to quantify the aperture of the joints, in order to evaluate the relative movement of the blocks, according to changes in external conditions: F1 near the east-clamped end of the beam, and the three others on the west part: Two of them (F3 and F4) were fixed across a horizontal joint and a vertical joint respectively, F2 is positioned across the vertical joint in a 45° angle. The thermal probe was fixed on the roof of the cavity near the three. Fissurometers are LVDT strain gauges that measure displacements between their two extremes with a resolution of 1/10 th mm. LaRG20102021_fissurometer.xlsx gives a record per hour. The borehole extensometers (D1 & D2) are RockTest / Télémac distofor@ anchored in the rock mass at the end of the borehole at a depth of 8 m from the cliff wall. Both were prepared with three displacement measuring points at depths of 2 m, 4 m and 6 m from the cliff wall and temperature measuring points at 2 m and 6 m depth. The supplier gives a measuring range of 100 mm, a resolution lower than 0.01 mm. Given the length of the rods used (8 m), the precision is about 0.05 mm. The operating temperature must remain between 0° and 50 °C. The devices were placed perpendicular to the rock face, about 4 m and 7.5 m above the roof of the cave cavity (see Gasc-Barbier et al. 2021). LaRG20102021_disto.xlsx gives a record per hour. Measurements lasts between July 2010 until April 2015. They were stopped when reinforcement works were proceeded in the cave in order to secure the village. Gasc-Barbier, M., Merrien-Soukatchoff, Virely, D. 2021. The role of natural thermal cycles on a limestone cliff mechanical behavior. Eng Geol. DOI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106293. Gasc-Barbier et al, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020013 Gasc-Barbier, M., Virely, D., Guittard, J., 2015. Thermal fatigue in rocks- la roque-gageac’ case study, in: 13th ISRM International Congress of Rock Mechanics. Montreal, Canada

FracturationInRockMass

These data were collected before excavating a high cutting in a migmatitic rock for the creation of a bypass in the French Pyrenees (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2008). They can be used to understand the fracturation of the rock mass or to test design methods. Location: Ax-les-Thermes lies 130 km south of Toulouse, just 30 km from the border between France and Andorra, in the primary axial zone of the French Pyrenees. Three orogenic phases that affected the entire mountain lead to considerable fracturing of the site, which is apparent in different forms depending on the area studied. Geological information: The bypass encounters Quaternary superficial formations, fluvioglacial materials, and then the rock substratum, where the benchmark takes place. The slope understudy is mainly composed of Augen gneiss and leptinic gneiss, in practice it is impossible to separate them into two distinct areas and hence the formation is best described as migmatite (in the widest sense). All these rocks are heavily fractured Scanlines (scanlines.xls): For several reasons, excavation was stopped when the proposed 42 m high cutting was 15 m high. This provided an opportunity to realize scanlines on the new cuttings to obtain statistical information on the joint properties “in” the rock mass. A scanline is a horizontal line (of about 10 m) drawn on a rock face. The scanline should have spatial references (dip and dip direction if possible). The standard properties of all the joints that intersect the line are mapped: dip, dip direction, spacing, trace length, weathering, aperture, infill, and roughness. Several lines in different directions were drawn in order to try to intersect the maximum number of joint sets. In this particular case and because of the geometry of the site, the scanlines were drawn on three faces as depicted in scanline_location.png but their lengths were quite different. 11 horizontal scanlines (from 6 to 30 m) were plotted including 856 discontinuities over 181.5 m (scanlines.xls). Borehole images: Two boreholes (SC43.pdf and SP47.pdf) were inspected by camera. borehole.xlxs summarizes the data Mechanical data, elastic waves velocities, uniaxial and Brazilian tests, and shear tests on natural joints are provided on labo_Ax.xl

ThermoMechaLimestone

This data set gives nearly 5 years of temperature and displacements recorded on and in a limestone cliff. An extensive presentation of the monitoring device can be found in (Gasc-Barbier et al., 2020, 2015) and is summarized below. Interpretation of data is proposed in Gasc-Barbier et al. (submitted) Instrum.jpg display the hazard zone. We can see a perched cave in a limestone cliff where a part of its roof had collapsed. On its roof an unstable beam reminds. This remaining beam is delimited by a horizontal interlayer thinning from East to West, hanging to the roof of the cave at the west and east-clamped in the rock mass. Opened fractures can be observed all around the beam. In order to assess the remaining hazard, 4 fissurometers (F1 to F4) and a thermal probe were installed on the roof of the cave and two borehole extensometers (D1 and D2) were drilled perpendicular to the face of the cliff, above the cave, to understand the global behaviour of the rock mass. The four fissurometers were positioned around the remaining beam to quantify the aperture of the joints, in order to evaluate the relative movement of the blocks, according to changes in external conditions: F1 near the east-clamped end of the beam, and the three others on the west part: Two of them (F3 and F4) were fixed across a horizontal joint and a vertical joint respectively, F2 is positioned across the vertical joint in a 45° angle. The thermal probe was fixed on the roof of the cavity near the three. Fissurometers are LVDT strain gauges that measure displacements between their two extremes with a resolution of 1/10 th mm. DATA-Fissuromètres gives a record per hour. The borehole extensometers (D1 & D2) are RockTest / Télémac distofor@ anchored in the rock mass at the end of the borehole at a depth of 8 m from the cliff wall. Both were prepared with three displacement measuring points at depths of 2 m, 4 m and 6 m from the cliff wall and temperature measuring points at 2 m and 6 m depth. The supplier gives a measuring range of 100 mm, a resolution lower than 0.01 mm. Given the length of the rods used (8 m), the precision is about 0.05 mm. The operating temperature must remain between 0° and 50 °C. The devices were placed perpendicular to the rock face, about 4 m and 7.5 m above the roof of the cave cavity (see Gasc-Barbier et al. submitted). DATA_Extenso.xls gives a record per hour. Measurements lasts between July 2010 until April 2015. They were stopped when reinforcement works were proceeded in the cave in order to secure the village. Gasc-Barbier et al, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020013 Gasc-Barbier, M., Virely, D., Guittard, J., 2015. Thermal fatigue in rocks- la roque-gageac’ case study, in: 13th ISRM International Congress of Rock Mechanics. Montreal, Canada. Gasc-Barbier, M., Merrien-Soukatchoff, Virely, D. submitted. The role of natural thermal cycles on a limestone cliff mechanical behaviour. Submitted to Engineering Geology

Hardening of clayey soil blocks during freezing and thawing cycles

International audienc