EFFECT OF JNK MAPK ON THE REPAIR OF DAMAGED SKELETAL MUSCLE

Regeneration of muscles after injuries, as well as the development of methods that stimulate this process, is an important problem in medicine and biology. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of local blocking of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity of the JNK group (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) on the repair of muscle tissue. Materials and methods. The effect of the JNK MAPK SP600125 blocker on the repair of muscle tissue was studied on a model of a skin and muscle wound in Wistar rats. The main group (n = 30) was injected with a drug plate containing SP600125 with a slow release of the active substance, the control group (n = 30) – the plate without the active substance. The number of dividing myosatellites and muscle kidneys in the damage zone was estimated. Results. Experimental studies have shown that when using a drug plate containing a JNK SP600125 blocker with a slow release of the active substance, the number of dividing myosatellites and forming muscle kidneys in the injury zone of the muscle in the main group on the 7th, 14th and 30th days was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control. Conclusion. Local blockade of JNK MAPK in the zone of muscle damage provides the ability to stimulate the repair of damaged skeletal muscle

Prospects for prevention of adhesion process during cardiac surgical interventions

The article is devoted to the problem of prevention of adhesions in cardiac surgery. It was determined that the problem is urgent due to the increase in the number of heart surgeries. The formation of adhesions is a reaction of the body after surgery, which is a stage of healing and partly performs a protective function. Nevertheless, the presence of adhesions violates the mechanical properties of the heart, negatively affects central hemodynamics, complicates the surgeon’s task during repeated surgical interventions and increases the risk of repeated operations.It has been shown that at present, for the prevention of adhesions, researchers tend to use biodegradable barrier materials with biocompatibility and the ability to dissolve after performing the barrier function. The main anti-adhesion agents used in cardiac surgery are membranes and gels. The requirements for an “ideal” agent for the prevention of adhesion were determined: biocompatibility, no irritating effect, no effect on wound healing, suppression of the growth of connective tissue in the pericardium.Conclusions. Until now, none of the funds has all the necessary qualities to prevent adhesion in the pericardium. Therefore, the search for effective methods for the prevention of postoperative adhesions remains relevant for cardiac surgery

Dynamics of the Activity of MAP-Kinase Cascades in the Healing Process of Postoperative Musculocutaneous Wounds

Background. Management of the reparative process is an urgent task of modern medicine. In our opinion, the development of pathogenetically grounded approaches to optimizing the repair process for managing the interrelations of stromal cells is promising. One of the promising areas in this regard is the impact on the MAPK-cascades.Aim: to study the expression of MAP-kinase mechanisms in the regulation of repair by the example of a musculocutaneous wound.Methods. A linear muscular skin wound was modeled using Wistar rats weighing 220–250 g at the age of 9 months (n = 24). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the activity of p38, JNK, and ERK MAPK cascades from 1 to 30 days.Results. It was established that specific staining in the area of connective tissue formation during staining with p38 MAPK and its phosphorylated form was first observed on the 3rd day, and its maximum severity occurred at the same time. On the 7th and 14th day, small zones in the area of scar formation were minimally stained. The phosphorylated part of the JNK-cascade in the zone of traumatic injury was detected starting from the 1st day after the injury. Bright color persisted on the 3rd day. On the 7th day, the color was minimal, and by the 14th day a second wave of expression was observed. ERK-staining was observed from the 1st to the 14th day with a peak activity on the 3rd day.Conclusion. Thus, we revealed the simultaneous involvement of p38, JNK-, and ERK-cascades in the regulation of the reparative process in the conditions of a musculoskeletal wound. At the same time, it is noteworthy that the peak activity of all cascades coincides and falls on the 3rd day

Postconditioning as a method tissue survivability enhancement in ischemic damage

The article presents the present-day data on the phenomenon of ischemic myocardial postconditioning. It has been shown, that this phenomenon consists in protection of the heart from reperfusion damage by the means of short episodes of ischemia/reperfusion performed at the early stage after prolonged ischemia. It is presented that postconditioning effect manifests in limiting the size of infarction and preserving endothelial function in the region exposed to ischemic injury. The article reports on the modern concept of role of various intracellular signal cascades in providing survival of the cell after the episode of ischemia/reperfusion. Much attention is given to changing in the state of pores localized in internal mitochondrial membrane as end links of realization of postconditioning effect. Prospects of clinical use of postconditioning are very optimistic due to the fact that application of different variants of preconditioning is limited because in most cases it is impossible to predict the time of occurrence of ischemic injury, whereas postconditioning may be used after prolonged ischemia

Inducement of experimental Abdominal Adhesions (literature review)

Adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity is a common medical problem that impairs the patients’ life quality. Adhesive intestinal obstruction ranks first in the structure of acute bowel obstruction. The levels of complications and postoperative mortality are not likely to decrease. Consequently, the studies on preventing adhesive disease are still in progress, which requires an animal model to induce abdominal adhesive process. Numerous factors of peritoneum injury result in adhesion formation. Experimental surgery offers various techniques of inducing the adhesive process in the abdominal cavity based on mechanical, chemical, biological, implantation injury factors. Recent trends in intra-abdominal adhesion stimulation are designed to approximate at maximum an animal model and present surgical and gynecologic procedures. In the review article, we survey and systematize different ways of inducing intra-abdominal adhesive process with various injury factors. The choice of study animal, the ways of peritoneum injury, followed by septic or aseptic inflammation are analyzed. The rating scales for the severity of adhesive process are also organized and compared. The number of existing models is large which is evident of the outstanding problem and promising outlook of scientific research

A study of socialization of children and student-age youth by the express diagnostics methods

The article reveals the research methodology and describes approaches to study psychological and pedagogical level of socialization of children and student-age youth in Russia using advanced technological equipment. The authors carry out the analysis of the conventional and up-to-date methods of psycho-pedagogical investigation through the express diagnostics. One of these methods consists in the application of the diagnostic game designers, their integrated effect on the human body, based on measurement of physical and biological processes. The article describes experience in application of contemporary equipment for diagnostics of the social qualities of the people, as well as application features of technical devices, in particular "AR-101", "AR-600", and "Jibo" programmable microcontrollers of android family, and variety of medical, sporting, and household electronic game designers in the activity of pupils, students and educators. The authors consider in detail the design methods, the results of scientific research, and the technology of using several game designers in the express diagnostics.Based on the data, obtained during the study, the authors assess the socialization level of the students of supplementary education institutions, tested at the children's recreation camp "Intelletto", pupils of "Children's University" and "Entertaining Physics" and "Junior Programmer" teenage associations, as well as undergraduate students specializing in pedagogy at the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University (EI KFU)

Hospital epidemiology of abdominal adhesions

The purpose of the research was to establish main causes of development and outcomes of adhesive obstruction. We analyzed the outcomes of treatment of 154 patients with acute intestinal obstruction. The following data were taken into consideration: age, gender, surgeries in past medical history, terms of adhesions manifestations, clinical symptoms, findings of additional examinations, methods of treatment, outcome. It has been established, that the most frequent causes of adhesions were appendectomy (23 %), stomach operations (21 %) and gynecological interventions (14 %). After surgeries performed in conditions of regional hospitals, adhesions developed after appendectomy, gynecological operations and interventions on the intestine. In patients operated in city hospitals intestinal obstruction more often occurred after extensive operations on the stomach, appendix, and after gynecological interventions. Urgent surgical interventions more often led to adhesive process in the abdominal cavity (63 %). Mortality made 5.8 %. Causes of death were intestinal fistulas and abdominal sepsis. Thus, acute adhesive intestinal obstruction as an extreme form of abdominal adhesions continues to be an urgent medical issue

Angiogenesis as an adaptive mechanism in ischemia

The article is devoted to angiogenesis as one of the ways to increase the stability of the ischemic tissue. It is shown that the reduction in ischemic tissue damage is based on four basic processes - vasculogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis with the growth and subsequent stabilization of the outgrowths of mural cells and the growth of collaterals (expansive growth of pre-existing vessels). However, despite the great progress in the understanding of ischemia-induced angiogenesis, and a lot of positive results from its stimulation using the disclosed arrangements natural response to the reduction of tissue perfusion is still an unsolved problem is the practical use of this knowledge to improve the metabolic processes of organs and tissues with compromised vascular bed. The effect of a variety of recombinant growth factors is not enough long-term, and besides, is not without serious side effects. From this perspective, the greatest opportunities is the development of techniques using natural pool of pluripotent cells with high angiogenic potential

Expression of endothelin in experimental myocardial infarction in a changed concentration of FGF and VEGF

The objective of the work was to study the expression of endothelin in experimental myocardial infarction, and. to assess the impact on its altered concentrations of growth factors. The study was performed on a model of myocardial infarction. The experiment was conducted, on 150 female Wistar rats. Five groups of animals were studied: control group, the increased concentration FGF2 and. VEGF, the decreased concentration of FGF or VEGF. Excretion of animal experiments were conducted in the period from 1 to 30 days. The heart of the experimental animal was fixed in a solution of 10% neutral formalin. His-tochemical staining was used. Primary antibodies to endothelin ET-1/2/3 (H-38) rabbit polyclonal IgG (Santa Cruz, Cat. N Sc-98727, Lot # G2209). We determined that in control group there was a stain on endothelin in the area of myocardial infarction from the 1st to the 7th day with a peak on day 3. The use of growth factors increased the staining of the border and. infarct zones on the 1st to the 14th days with a maximum of day 3. The use of antibodies to growth factors reduced the stain of the in farcted area early after myocardial infarction (days 1 to 3), to the 7th day of the stain intensity increases sharply, reaching a maximum, and. to the 14th day again declined. Thus, we established the dynamics of expression of endothelin in the myocardium when the ischemic injury and. heart attack, as well as the significant stimulatory effect of growth factors FGF2 and. VEGF on the expression of endothelin in the area of ischemic damage at experimental myocardial infarction

Study of the effect of a new antiadhesive agent on peripheral blood indices (experimental study)

Adhesive process in the abdominal cavity was simulated in Wistar rats, which were divided into two groups: the main one - simulation of adhesive process in the abdominal cavity and introduction of 3 ml of saline into the abdominal cavity; the controls - simulation of adhesive process in the abdominal cavity and introduction of 3 ml of new antiadhesive preparation. The mechanism of drug action bases on the ability to inhibit the growth of connective tissue in the adhesion area by effecting the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Examination of peripheral blood indices was performed at eight time points during the period from 2 hours to 28 days. The concentration of red blood cells in the peripheral blood in both main and control groups decreased moderately in the early postoperative period (2 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours), and this rate was significantly lower in the control group as compared to the main one by 12 hours term. Later the index restored to normal. Hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood was higher in the main group than in the control one, the differences were significant in 2 hours, 3 days, 28 days. The level of hematocrit in the main group was higher than that in the controls during the entire follow-up period; the difference was maximal to the final term of experiment (28 days). The level of leukocytes in peripheral blood of the main group rats did not exceed the normal value for the given species of animals throughout the follow-up period. The number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of the rodents of both groups did not differ at every period of survey. Thus, the introduction of the drug reduced the severity of leukocyte response to injury, improvement in postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels