Cutaneous sinus histiocytosis of face of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses type (cutaneous Rosai — Dorfman disease)

An extremely rare case of sinus histiocytosis of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses type is described in 55-year-old patient with isolated localization of cutanious lesion on the right cheek without involvement of nodular structures. Main skin lesion was an erythematous-cyanotic node with multiple milia-like lesions on the top of it. Histologically revealed feature was a large number of plasma cells, besides phenomenon of emperipolesis was described, which was first falsely perceived by pathologists as phagocytosis. In immu-nohistochemistry assay the changes were characterized by proliferation of large polygonal histiocytes with accumulation of pentalamellar markers in its cytoplasm (protein S-100, CD68)

Skeletal Muscle-Specific Ablation of γcyto-Actin Does Not Exacerbate the mdx Phenotype

We previously documented a ten-fold increase in γcyto-actin expression in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle and hypothesized that increased γcyto-actin expression may participate in an adaptive cytoskeletal remodeling response. To explore whether increased γcyto-actin fortifies the cortical cytoskeleton in dystrophic skeletal muscle, we generated double knockout mice lacking both dystrophin and γcyto-actin specifically in skeletal muscle (ms-DKO). Surprisingly, dystrophin-deficient mdx and ms-DKO mice presented with comparable levels of myofiber necrosis, membrane instability, and deficits in muscle function. The lack of an exacerbated phenotype in ms-DKO mice suggests γcyto-actin and dystrophin function in a common pathway. Finally, because both mdx and ms-DKO skeletal muscle showed similar levels of utrophin expression and presented with identical dystrophies, we conclude utrophin can partially compensate for the loss of dystrophin independent of a γcyto-actin-utrophin interaction

Practical recommendations for safe reduction of body weight in combat sports: scoping review

The presence of weight categories in martial arts requires an athlete to constantly maintain and control body weight and, in some cases, to reduce it. For this reason, it is common among martial artists to use forced methods of body weight reduction, which are often unphysiological and may have a negative impact on performance, as well as pose a danger to health. In this connection, it is of practical interest to search, analyse and introduce into practice physiological and safe methods of body weight reduction by athletes-athletes before participation in competitions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various methods of weight loss in athletes preparing to participate in competitions.Materials and methods: the review was conducted according to the methodology of Scoping review. Articles were selected in the domestic data-bases eLibrary and Russian State Library, using the following keywords: «методы снижения массы тела ИЛИ снижение массы тела ИЛИ весогонка» И «единоборства ИЛИ боевые виды спорта», as well as in the foreign databases ScienceDirect and PubMed, using the following keywords: «making weight OR weight loss» AND «combat sports», placed in a search depth of 15 years.Results: we found 121 studies, 3 duplicates were excluded after initial screening, 118 studies were screened for inclusion criteria, and a total of 16 studies were included in the review.Conclusion: a reduction of 5 to 10 % of body weight less than 7 days before the official weigh-in may adversely affect performance parameters and the state of the body’s functional systems. A reduction of up to 5 % of body weight 7 or more days before the official weigh-in is the safest

Practical guidelines for standardising the measurement of resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry: a literature review

Accurate resting metabolic rate readings are essential for dietary planning and body composition monitoring not only for healthy individuals but also for athletes. A number of factors can alter resting metabolic rate during its measurement by indirect calorimetry. The methodology used may affect the results of the study. A clear standardisation of this procedure is needed to obtain the most accurate results.Purpose: To review the literature to determine the optimal subject condition and methodology for the resting metabolism measurement procedure using indirect calorimetry.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The query included key words and logical phrases: “calorimetry”, “indirect calorimetry”, “resting metabolic rate”, “energy metabolism”, “basal metabolism”, “standards”. Only Englishlanguage studies and human studies were considered. Additional information was identified because of the review and included in the review.Results: the parameters of standardization during the resting metabolism measurement procedure are described: consumption of food, ethanol, caffeine, nicotine; daily activities and physical activity; body position in space and environmental conditions during the measurement; actions of the specialist performing the procedure, etc. The article outlines effective methods for measuring resting metabolism to obtain the most accurate results in both athletes and non-athletes.Conclusion: an attempt has been made to formulate precise methodological rules for standardization and recommendations for measuring resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry

Clinical application of induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed asthma: cellular and immunologic characteristics

Authors investigate cells and immunologic factors of induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed asthma and healthy children without atopy. The aim of the study was to find out the differences of cellular and immunologic profiles of induced sputum in children with newly diagnosed asthma. 35 children aged 1,5-5 years old (Me = 3,5 years) were include in this study: 18 children with newly diagnosed asthma and 17 children (control group) without allergic diseases, which had no respiratory symptoms during last month. Sputum induction carried out according to our modification of protocol developed by Pin et al. The levels of IgE, slgA, lgG4, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, TNFα, INFγ, N03, NOX and cells percentage (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes) were evaluated in sputum. Results. The percentage of eosinophils was significantly higher and the percentage of macrophages was significantly lower in induced sputum of children with newly diagnosed asthma. The levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, TNFα), immunoglobulins, which participate in allergic inflammation (IgE, slgA, lgG4) and stable metabolites of NO (NO3, NOX) in sputum were also significantly higher in children with newly diagnosed asthma.Проводился подсчет клеток и определение иммунологических факторов в индуцированной мокроте у детей с вперсые выявленной бронхиальной астмой и здоровых детей без атопии. Целью исследования было выявление цитоиммунологических особенностей индуцированной мокроты у детей раннего возраста с впервые выявленной бронхиальной астмой. В исследовании приняли участие 35 детей в возрасте 1,5-5 лет (средний возраст 3,5г.): 18 детей с впервые выявленной бронхиальной астмой и 17 практически здоровых детей без атопии - контрольная группа. У всех детей в исследовании в течение предшествующего месяца не было зарегистрировано эпизодов респираторной инфекции. Индукция мокроты проводилась по модифицированному нами протоколу с использованием гипертонического раствора хлорида натрия. Прототипом явился метод, разработанный Pin et al., исследовался клеточный состав (%) (макрофаги, нейтрофилы, эозинофилы, лимфоциты) и иммунологический профиль (IgE, slgA, lgG4, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13. TNFα, INFγ, NO3, NOX) индуцированной мокроты. Результаты. У детей с впервые выявленной бронхиальной астмой в индуцированной мокроте уровень эозинофилов (%) достоверно выше, а уровень макрофагов (%) достоверно ниже по сравнению со здоровыми детьми без атопии. Так же у детей с бронхиальной астмой выявлены более высокие концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов (ФНОа, ИЛ 4, IL-1B, ИЛ8, ИЛ 13), иммуноглобулинов (IgE, lgG4) участвующих в аллергическом воспалении бронхов при бронхиальной астме и конечных стабильных метаболитов оксида азота (NO3, NOX) по сравнению с показателями здоровых детей без атопии

Plant and animal protein for muscle mass and strength gains: a systematic review

Background: Controversial approaches to studying the effect of proteins of various origins on the functional parameters of human skeletal muscles have led to the erroneous opinion that plant-based protein is a lesser stimulator of muscle mass growth and muscle strength than animal protein. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to actually evaluate the effects of plant and animal protein intake on muscle mass and strength through studies comparing protein supplements.Methods: Literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Research Gate and the database of the Russian State Library. Studies were considered both in English and in Russian, over the past 20 years, filtered by date: from July 2002 to July 2022. Inclusion Criteria: Participants are healthy men and women over 18 years of age; taking protein supplements from plant products (soy, wheat, pea, rice, etc.); comparison with a group taking protein supplements from animal products (whey, beef, egg, etc.); studies assessed lean and/or muscle mass and assessed participants' muscle strength before and after supplementation; randomized controlled trial.Results: A total of 970 studies were found. After initial screening for title and abstract, 938 studies were excluded. Of the 32 publications selected, 5 duplicates were excluded, and after a secondary selection, 18 studies that did not meet the PICOS criteria were excluded. As a result of the search and selection, the review included 9 publications.Conclusions: Athletes and active individuals who prefer to consume plant-based protein products may not be inferior in terms of muscle strength and muscle mass to those athletes who prefer animal-based protein products. To further explore this topic, more randomized controlled trials should be conducted, taking into account the requirements for standardization and with a large number of participants.Registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD4202234524

Practical guidelines for standardising the measurement of resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry: a literature review

Accurate resting metabolic rate readings are essential for dietary planning and body composition monitoring not only for healthy individuals but also for athletes. A number of factors can alter resting metabolic rate during its measurement by indirect calorimetry. The methodology used may affect the results of the study. A clear standardisation of this procedure is needed to obtain the most accurate results.Purpose: To review the literature to determine the optimal subject condition and methodology for the resting metabolism measurement procedure using indirect calorimetry.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The query included key words and logical phrases: “calorimetry”, “indirect calorimetry”, “resting metabolic rate”, “energy metabolism”, “basal metabolism”, “standards”. Only English-language studies and human studies were considered. Additional information was identified because of the review and included in the review.Results: the parameters of standardization during the resting metabolism measurement procedure are described: consumption of food, ethanol, caffeine, nicotine; daily activities and physical activity; body position in space and environmental conditions during the measurement; actions of the specialist performing the procedure, etc. The article outlines effective methods for measuring resting metabolism to obtain the most accurate results in both healthy individuals and athletes.Conclusion: an attempt has been made to formulate precise methodological rules for standardisation and recommendations for measuring resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry

Application of whey of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana fermented by lactic acid bacteria as a bread biopreservative agent

A total of nine isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from tomato and sourdough with antifungal activity were employed to revaluate the whey of Mozzarella di Bufala through the fermentation process for 72 h at 37 °C. Then, the fermented whey (BWF) was characterised and used as biopreservative in bread formulation. L. plantarum TR7 and L. plantarum TR2 strains showed average lactic acid concentration in BWF of 13.8 g L 1. Also, the bread volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis showed an increase in hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and pyrazine tetramethyl when using BWF as ingredient. Moreover, the DPPH-inhibitory activity of bread with BWF extract also reflected a 33% rise in comparison with control bread. The application of BWF as a biopreservation agent in bread showed an increase in shelf life compared with bread with 0.3% calcium propionate and bread control for 2 and 15 days, respectively. BWF can be used as an interesting biopreservation strategy of bread

Патоморфология сердца при COVID-19

Cardiovascular system is a significant target for SARS-CoV-2.The objective was to study morphological changes in the heart in patients who died from COVID-19.Materials and methods. Autopsy material of the heart of those who died from COVID-19 (700 autopsies) was analyzed. The analysis of autopsy protocols was carried out, macroscopic changes were assessed, histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson stain, Schiff’s reagent, the results of immunohistochemistry with antibodies to CD68, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45 were analyzed.Results. The leading pathomorphological changes in the heart in COVID-19 are acute discirculatory changes with predominant disorders in small intramyocardial vessels. Lymphocytic myocarditis was confirmed in 1 % of cases.Conclusion. Damage to cardiomyocytes in COVID-19 is multifactorial and associated with manifestations of the underlying cardiovascular pathology, changes in intramyocardial vessels due to the action of SARS-CoV-2, and hypoxia due to progressive lung damage.Сердечно-сосудистая система является значимой мишенью SARS-CoV-2.Цель – изучение морфологических изменений в сердце у больных, умерших от COVID-19.Методы и материалы. Проанализирован аутопсийный материал сердца умерших от COVID-19 (700 аутопсий).Проведен анализ патологоанатомических протоколов, оценены макроскопические изменения, пересмотрены гистологические препараты, окрашенные гематоксилином и эозином, по Ван Гизону, реактивом Шиффа, а также результаты имммуногистохимии с антителами к CD68, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45.Результаты. Ведущими патоморфологическими изменениями в сердце при COVID-19 являются острые дисциркуляторные изменения с преимущественными нарушениями в мелких интрамиокардиальных сосудах. Лимфоцитарный миокардит подтвержден в 1 % наблюдений.Заключение. Повреждение кардиомиоцитов при COVID-19 является мультифакторным и связано с проявлениями основной сердечно-сосудистой патологии, изменениями интрамиокардиальных сосудов вследствие действия SARS-CoV-2 и гипоксией, обусловленной прогрессирующим повреждением легких

Оптимизация преаналитического этапа обработки материала для проведения гистохимического исследования биоптатов скелетной мышцы в диагностике нервно-мышечных заболеваний

Diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases is complicated by the variety of clinical manifestations and requires the use of additional methods, an important place among which is the pathomorphological study of skeletal muscle biopsy. Despite the fact that the procedure for taking a muscle biopsy is not technically difficult, to obtain informative material a multitude of conditions must be observed at the stages of pre-analytical processing of the obtained tissue samples. Violation of the technology of taking, storing and fixing the material contributes to the formation of artifacts that limit the possibilities for further analysis of the morphological changes in tissue biopsy. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of various methods for cryoprocessing of muscle tissue samples and the manufacture of histological specimens with a subsequent assessment of morphological changes. As a result, the main causes of artifacts were identified. The optimal method for processing muscle biopsy specimens is indicated, which makes it possible to prevent the appearance of artifacts as much as possible and to ensure the preservation of tissue for research.Диагностика нервно-мышечных заболеваний затруднена многообразием клинических проявлений и требует использования дополнительных методов, важное место среди которых занимает патоморфологическое исследование биопсии скелетной мышцы. Несмотря на то что процедура взятия мышечной биопсии технически не сложна, для получения информативного материала требуется соблюдение множества условий на этапах преаналитической обработки полученных образцов ткани. Нарушение технологии взятия, хранения и фиксации материала способствует образованию артефактов, которые ограничивают возможности дальнейшего анализа морфологических изменений ткани биоптата. Проведено сравнение эффективности различных методов криообработки образцов мышечной ткани и изготовления гистологических препаратов с последующей оценкой морфологических изменений. В результате были выявлены основные причины возникновения артефактов. Обозначен оптимальный метод обработки мышечных биоптатов, позволяющий максимально предотвратить появление артефактов и обеспечить сохранность ткани для исследования